Memory Thinking for C & C++ Linux Diagnostics: Slides with Descriptions Only

Table of Contents....4 Preface....16 About the Author....17 Introduction....18 Original Training Course Name....18 Prerequisites....19 Training Goals....20 Training Principles....21 Schedule....22 Training Idea....23 General C & C++ Aspects....24 What We Do Not Cover....26 Linux C & C++ Aspects....27 Why C & C++?....28 Which C & C++?....30 My History of C & C++....31 C and C++ Mastery Process....33 Thought Process....34 Philosophy of Pointers....35 Pointer....36 Pointer Dereference....37 Many to One....38 Many to One Dereference....39 Invalid Pointer....40 Invalid Pointer Dereference....41 Wild (Dangling) Pointer....42 Pointer to Pointer....43 Pointer to Pointer Dereference....44 Naming Pointers and Entities....45 Names as Pointer Content....46 Pointers as Entities....47 Memory and Pointers....48 Mental Exercise....49 Debugger Memory Layout....50 Memory Dereference Layout....51 Names as Addresses....52 Addresses and Entities....53 Addresses and Structures....54 Pointers to Structures....55 Arrays....56 Arrays and Pointers to Arrays....57 Strings and Pointers to Strings....58 Basic Types....59 ASCII Characters and Pointers....60 Bytes and Pointers....61 Wide Characters and Pointers....62 Integers....63 Little-Endian System....64 Short Integers....65 Long and Long Long Integers....66 Signed and Unsigned Integers....67 Fixed Size Integers....68 Booleans....69 Bytes....70 Size....71 Alignment....72 LP64....73 Nothing and Anything....74 Automatic Type Inference....75 Entity Conversion....76 Pointer Conversion (C-Style)....77 Numeric Promotion/Conversion....78 Numeric Conversion....79 Incompatible Types....80 Forcing....81 Structures, Classes, and Objects....83 Structures....84 Access Level....85 Classes and Objects....86 Structures and Classes....87 Pointer to Structure....88 Pointer to Structure Dereference....89 Many Pointers to One Structure....90 Many to One Dereference....91 Invalid Pointer to Structure....92 Invalid Pointer Dereference....93 Wild (Dangling) Pointer....94 Pointer to Pointer to Structure....95 Pointer to Pointer Dereference....96 Memory and Structures....97 Addresses and Structures....98 Structure Field Access....99 Pointers to Structures....100 Pointers to Structure Fields....101 Structure Inheritance....102 Structure Slicing....103 Inheritance Access Level....105 Structures and Classes II....106 Internal Structure Alignment....107 Static Structure Fields....108 Uniform Initialization....109 Old Initialization Ways....110 New Way {}....111 Uniform Structure Initialization....112 Static Field Initialization....113 Macros, Types, and Synonyms....114 Macros....115 Old Way....116 New Way....117 Memory Storage....118 Overview....119 Thread Stack Frames....120 Local Variable Value Lifecycle....121 Stack Allocation Pitfalls....123 Explicit Local Allocation....125 Dynamic Allocation (C-style)....126 Dynamic Allocation (C++)....127 Memory Operators....128 Memory Expressions....129 Local Pointers (Manual)....130 In-place Allocation....132 Source Code Organisation....133 Logical Layer (Translation Units)....134 Physical Layer (Source Files)....135 Inter-TU Sharing....136 Classic Static TU Isolation....137 Namespace TU Isolation....138 Declaration and Definition....139 TU Definition Conflicts....140 Fine-grained TU Scope Isolation....141 Conceptual Layer (Design)....142 Incomplete Types....143 References....144 Type& vs. Type*....145 Values....146 Value Categories....147 Constant Values....148 Constant Expressions....149 Functions....150 Pointers to Functions....151 Function Pointer Types....153 Reading Declarations....154 Structure Function Fields....155 Structure Methods....156 Structure Methods (Inlined)....157 Structure Methods (Inheritance)....158 Structure Virtual Methods....160 Structure Pure Virtual Methods....162 Structure as Interface....163 Function Structure....164 Structure Constructors....165 Structure Copy Constructor....166 Structure Copy Assignment....167 Structure Destructor....168 Structure Destructor Hierarchy....169 Structure Virtual Destructor....170 Destructor as a Method....171 Conversion Operators....172 Parameters by Value....174 Parameters by Pointer/Reference....175 Parameters by Ptr/Ref to Const....176 Possible Mistake....177 Function Overloading....178 Immutable Objects....179 Static Structure Functions....180 Lambdas....181 x64 CPU Registers....182 x64 Instructions and Registers....183 x64 Memory and Stack Addressing....184 x64 Memory Load Instructions....185 x64 Memory Store Instructions....186 x64 Flow Instructions....187 x64 Function Parameters....188 x64 Struct Function Parameters....189 A64 CPU Registers....190 A64 Instructions and Registers....191 A64 Memory and Stack Addressing....192 A64 Memory Load Instructions....193 A64 Memory Store Instructions....194 A64 Flow Instructions....195 A64 Function Parameters....196 A64 Struct Function Parameters....197 this....198 Function Objects vs. Lambdas....199 A64 Lambda Example....201 Captures and Closures....202 A64 Captures Example....204 Lambdas as Parameters....205 A64 Lambda Parameter Example....207 Lambda Parameter Optimization....208 A64 Optimization Example....210 Lambdas as Unnamed Functions....211 std::function Lambda Parameters....213 auto Lambda Parameters....215 Lambdas as Return Values....217 Virtual Function Call....219 VTBL Memory Layout....220 VPTR and Struct Memory Layout....221 Templates: A Planck-length Introduction....222 Why Templates?....223 Reusability....224 Types of Templates....226 Types of Template Parameters....227 Type Safety....229 Flexibility....231 Metafunctions....232 Iterators as Pointers....233 Containers....234 Iterators....235 Constant Iterators....236 Pointers as Iterators....237 Algorithms....238 Memory Ownership....239 Pointers as Owners....240 Problems with Pointer Owners....241 Smart Pointers....242 Basic Design....243 Unique Pointers....244 Descriptors as Unique Pointers....245 Shared Pointers....246 RAII....247 RAII Definition....248 RAII Advantages....249 File Descriptor RAII....250 Threads and Synchronization....251 Threads in C/C++....252 Threads in C++ Proper....253 Synchronization Problems....254 Synchronization Solution....255 Resources....256 C and C++....257 Training (Linux C and C++)....258