Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist. 3 Ed

Preface....6 Who Is This Book For?....6 Goals of the Book....8 Navigating the Book....8 What’s New in the Third Edition?....10 Getting Started....11 Resources for Teachers....12 Conventions Used in This Book....13 Using Code Examples....14 O’Reilly Online Learning....15 How to Contact Us....15 Acknowledgments....16 1. Programming as a Way of Thinking....18 Arithmetic Operators....18 Expressions....22 Arithmetic Functions....23 Strings....26 Values and Types....29 Formal and Natural Languages....34 Debugging....35 Glossary....36 Exercises....38 2. Variables and Statements....43 Variables....43 State Diagrams....46 Variable Names....46 The import Statement....49 Expressions and Statements....50 The print Function....51 Arguments....53 Comments....57 Debugging....58 Glossary....60 Exercises....62 3. Functions....65 Defining New Functions....65 Parameters....67 Calling Functions....69 Repetition....72 Variables and Parameters Are Local....75 Stack Diagrams....76 Tracebacks....78 Why Functions?....80 Debugging....80 Glossary....81 Exercises....82 4. Functions and Interfaces....87 The jupyturtle Module....87 Making a Square....91 Encapsulation and Generalization....93 Approximating a Circle....98 Refactoring....100 Stack Diagram....104 A Development Plan....104 Docstrings....106 Debugging....107 Glossary....108 Exercises....109 5. Conditionals and Recursion....117 Integer Division and Modulus....117 Boolean Expressions....120 Logical Operators....123 if Statements....125 The else Clause....126 Chained Conditionals....127 Nested Conditionals....128 Recursion....130 Stack Diagrams for Recursive Functions....133 Infinite Recursion....135 Keyboard Input....136 Debugging....139 Glossary....141 Exercises....142 6. Return Values....152 Some Functions Have Return Values....152 And Some Have None....156 Return Values and Conditionals....158 Incremental Development....160 Boolean Functions....166 Recursion with Return Values....168 Leap of Faith....173 Fibonacci....174 Checking Types....175 Debugging....177 Glossary....180 Exercises....181 7. Iteration and Search....184 Loops and Strings....184 Reading the Word List....187 Updating Variables....190 Looping and Counting....192 The in Operator....194 Search....197 Doctest....199 Glossary....202 Exercises....203 8. Strings and Regular Expressions....211 A String Is a Sequence....211 String Slices....215 Strings Are Immutable....217 String Comparison....219 String Methods....220 Writing Files....221 Find and Replace....226 Regular Expressions....228 String Substitution....234 Debugging....237 Glossary....238 Exercises....239 9. Lists....243 A List Is a Sequence....243 Lists Are Mutable....245 List Slices....248 List Operations....250 List Methods....252 Lists and Strings....254 Looping Through a List....256 Sorting Lists....258 Objects and Values....259 Aliasing....261 List Arguments....263 Making a Word List....265 Debugging....268 Glossary....269 Exercises....270 10. Dictionaries....275 A Dictionary Is a Mapping....275 Creating Dictionaries....279 The in Operator....280 A Collection of Counters....285 Looping and Dictionaries....287 Lists and Dictionaries....289 Accumulating a List....290 Memos....293 Debugging....297 Glossary....298 Exercises....299 11. Tuples....305 Tuples Are Like Lists....305 But Tuples Are Immutable....310 Tuple Assignment....312 Tuples as Return Values....316 Argument Packing....318 Zip....321 Comparing and Sorting....326 Inverting a Dictionary....330 Debugging....332 Glossary....335 Exercises....335 12. Text Analysis and Generation....342 Unique Words....342 Punctuation....344 Word Frequencies....350 Optional Parameters....352 Dictionary Subtraction....354 Random Numbers....357 Bigrams....361 Markov Analysis....366 Generating Text....371 Debugging....373 Glossary....375 Exercises....376 Exercise....379 13. Files and Databases....380 Filenames and Paths....380 f-strings....385 YAML....388 Shelve....391 Storing Data Structures....396 Checking for Equivalent Files....400 Walking Directories....404 Debugging....407 Glossary....408 Exercises....410 14. Classes and Functions....414 Programmer-Defined Types....414 Attributes....416 Objects as Return Values....420 Objects Are Mutable....420 Copying....424 Pure Functions....426 Prototype and Patch....427 Design-First Development....432 Debugging....436 Glossary....438 Exercises....439 15. Classes and Methods....443 Defining Methods....443 Another Method....446 Static Methods....448 Comparing Time Objects....451 The __str__ Method....452 The __init__ Method....454 Operator Overloading....456 Debugging....457 Glossary....459 Exercises....460 16. Classes and Objects....463 Creating a Point....463 Creating a Line....467 Equivalence and Identity....472 Creating a Rectangle....474 Changing Rectangles....478 Deep Copy....482 Polymorphism....487 Debugging....489 Glossary....490 Exercises....491 17. Inheritance....493 Representing Cards....493 Card Attributes....497 Printing Cards....498 Comparing Cards....500 Decks....508 Printing the Deck....509 Add, Remove, Shuffle, and Sort....511 Parents and Children....515 Specialization....518 Debugging....521 Glossary....523 Exercises....524 18. Python Extras....534 Sets....534 Counters....540 defaultdict....543 Conditional Expressions....546 List Comprehensions....549 any and all....553 Named Tuples....555 Packing Keyword Arguments....559 Debugging....563 Glossary....567 Exercises....567 19. Final Thoughts....573 Index....577 About the Author....628