NGINX HTTP Server: Harness the power of NGINX with a series of detailed tutorials and real-life examples. 5 Ed

Preface xiiiPart 1: Begin with NGINX1Downloading and Installing NGINX....3Installing NGINX via packagemanagers....4NGINX-provided packages....4Compiling NGINX from source....5Installing GNU Compiler Collection....6The PCRE library....7The zlib library....7OpenSSL....8Downloading and compiling the NGINX source code....8Websites and resources....9Version branches....10Features....10Downloading and extracting....11Exploring the options for configuring the compilation....11The easy way....12Path options....12Build configuration issues....13Compiling and installing....14Controlling the NGINX service....15Daemons and services....15Users and groups....15NGINX command-line switches....16Starting and stopping the daemon....16Testing the configuration....17Other switches....18Adding NGINX as a system service....18systemd unit file....18Handling system errors....20A quick overview of the possibilities offered by NGINX Plus....20Summary....212Basic NGINX Configuration....23Delving into the configuration filesyntax....23Configuration directives....24Organization and inclusions....26Directive blocks....27Advanced language rules....29Looking at the base module directives....31What are base modules?....31NGINX process architecture....31Core module directives....32The events module....38Configuration module....40Necessary adjustments....40Testing your server....41Creating a test server....41Upgrading NGINX gracefully....43Summary....43Part 2: Dive into NGINX3Exploring the HTTP Configuration....47An introduction to the HTTP coremodule and its three new blocks....47Exploring the HTTP core moduledirectives....49Socket and host configuration....50Paths and documents....53Client requests....57MIME types....62Limits and restrictions....64File processing and caching....67Other directives....69Exploring the directives of HTTP/2....73http2_chunk_size....74http2_body_preread_size....74http2_idle_timeout....74http2_max_concurrent_streams....74http2_max_field_size....74http2_max_header_size....75http2_max_requests....75http2_recv_buffer_size....75http2_recv_timeout....75Module variables....76Exploring the variables introducedby the HTTP core module....76Request headers....76Response headers....77NGINX-generated headers....78Understanding and exploring thelocation block....80Location modifier....80Search order and priority....83Summary....864Exploring Module Configuration in NGINX....87Exploring the Rewrite module....87Reminder of regular expressions....88Internal requests....93Conditional structure....98Directives....100Common rewrite rules....103Looking at some additional modules....105Website access and logging....105Limits and restrictions....109Content and encoding....113About your visitors....125SSL and security....131Other miscellaneous and optional modules....136Summary....1385PHP and Python with NGINX....139Introduction to FastCGItechnologies....139Understanding the CGI mechanism....140CGI....141FastCGI....142uWSGI and SCGI....143Main directives....144FastCGI caching and buffering....150PHP with NGINX....151Architecture....152PHP-FPM....152Setting up PHP and PHP-FPM....152NGINX configuration....154Python and NGINX....155Django....155Setting up Python and Django....156NGINX configuration....157Summary....1586NGINX as a Reverse Proxy....159Exploring the reverse proxymechanism....159Exploring the NGINX proxy module....160Main directives....161Caching, buffering, and temporary files....164Limits, timeouts, and errors....168Other directives....170Variables....172Looking at NGINX andmicroservices....172Summary....173Part 3: NGINX in Action7Introduction to Load Balancing and Optimization....177Introducing load balancing....177Understanding the concept of load balancing....178Session affinity....179The upstream module....180Request distribution mechanisms....182Using NGINX as a TCP/UDP loadbalancer....183The stream module....184An example of MySQL load balancing....184Exploring thread pools and I/Omechanisms....185Relieving worker processes....185AIO, Sendfile, and DirectIO....186Summary....1878NGINX within a Cloud Infrastructure....189Understanding cloud infrastructure....190The traditional approach....190The cloud approach....190Using Docker....192Installing Docker....192Your first Docker container....192Simplifying with Docker Compose....193Setting up NGINX inside Docker....194Integrating PHP with NGINX using DockerCompose....195Setting up NGINX inside Docker toproxy host applications....197Summary....1989Fully Deploy, Manage, and Auto-Update NGINX with Ansible....199Understanding configurationmanagement....199Running your first Ansible playbook....200Setting up NGINX using Ansible....202Setting up automatic updates usingAnsible....203Summary....20410Case Studies....205Exploring SSL Certificates andHTTPS by default....206Certificate Management with acme.sh....206acme.sh and the DNS API....207Issuing a signed certificate....208Centralizing SSL Configuration with NGINX....208Implementing HTTP/2 with SSL....209Deploying a WordPress site....209Preparing your server and obtainingWordPress....209NGINX configuration....212WordPress configuration....215Deploying Nextcloud....217Getting Nextcloud....217Summary....21911Troubleshooting....221Looking at some general tips onNGINX troubleshooting....221Checking access permissions....222Testing your configuration....222Have you reloaded the service?....222Checking logs....223Installing a log parser....223Troubleshooting install issues....225Looking at the 403 forbidden customerror page....226Exploring 400 Bad Request....227Looking at truncated or invalidFastCGI responses....227Exploring location block priorities....228Looking at if block issues....228Inefficient statements....228Unexpected behavior....229Summary....230Index....231Other Books You May Enjoy....240