Networking All-in-One For Dummies. 9 Ed

Title Page....3 Copyright Page....4 Table of Contents....7 Introduction....27 About This Book....28 Foolish Assumptions....29 Icons Used in This Book....29 Beyond the Book....30 Where to Go from Here....30 Book 1 Getting Started with Networking....31 Chapter 1 Welcome to Networking....33 Defining a Network....34 Delving into Network Lingo....36 Seeing What You Can Do with a Network....36 Accessing the internet....37 Sharing files....37 Sharing resources....37 Sharing programs....38 Getting Acquainted with Servers and Clients....39 Weighing Your Options: Dedicated Servers versus Peer-to-Peer Networks....40 Understanding What Makes a Network Tick....41 Putting the Pieces Together....43 Considering Network Size....44 Recognizing That Your Personal Computer Isn’t Personal When It’s on a Network....45 Assigning a Network Administrator....47 Chapter 2 Network Infrastructure....49 Introducing Infrastructure....50 Understanding Network Protocols and Standards....51 Recognizing Network Topology....52 Bus topology....52 Star topology....53 Ring topology....55 Mesh topology....56 Considering Cable....56 Twisted-pair cable....56 RJ45 connectors....57 Patch panels and patch cables....57 Repeaters and hubs....58 Switches....58 Perusing Ports, Interfaces, and MAC Addresses....59 Pondering Packets....61 Contemplating Collisions....63 Dealing with Broadcast Packets....64 Examining Wireless Networks....65 Chapter 3 Switches, Routers, and VLANs....67 Understanding Switches....68 Learning....71 Forwarding....72 Flooding....73 Looking Deeper into Switches....74 Collision domains....74 Bridging....75 SFP ports and uplinks....76 Broadcast domains....77 Managed and unmanaged switches....77 Understanding Routers....78 Network address translation....80 Virtual private networks....80 Understanding VLANs....81 Chapter 4 Cybersecurity....83 But We’re a Small Business — Do We Need Security?....84 The Two Pillars of Cybersecurity....85 Prevention....85 Recovery....87 Cybersecurity Frameworks....89 The NIST Cybersecurity Framework....90 Chapter 5 Servers and Virtualization....95 Understanding Network Operating Systems....95 Network services....96 File-sharing services....96 Multitasking....97 Directory services....98 Security services....99 Knowing What’s Important in a Server....100 Scalability....100 Reliability....100 Availability....100 Service and support....100 Identifying the Components of a Server Computer....101 Motherboard....101 Processor....101 Memory....102 Hard drives....102 Network interfaces....103 Video....103 Power supply....103 Considering Server Form Factors....103 Tower cases....104 Rack-mounted servers....104 Blade servers....104 Tiny servers....105 Understanding Virtualization....105 Chapter 6 Cloud Computing....107 Introducing Cloud Computing....107 Looking at the Benefits of Cloud Computing....108 Cost....108 Scalability....109 Reliability....109 Accessibility....109 Free of hassles....110 Detailing the Drawbacks of Cloud Computing....110 Entrenched applications....110 Internet connection speed....110 Internet connection reliability....111 Security threats....111 Examining Three Basic Kinds of Cloud Services....111 Applications....112 Platforms....112 Infrastructure....113 Public Clouds versus Private Clouds....113 Introducing Some of the Major Cloud Providers....114 Amazon....114 Google....114 Microsoft....115 Getting into the Cloud....115 Book 2 Understanding Network Protocols....117 Chapter 1 Network Protocols and Standards....119 Understanding Protocols....119 Understanding Standards....120 Seeing the Seven Layers of the OSI Reference Model....121 The physical layer....122 The data link layer....124 The network layer....126 Logical addressing....126 Routing....128 The transport layer....128 The session layer....129 The presentation layer....130 The application layer....131 Following a Packet through the Layers....131 The Ethernet Protocol....132 Standard Ethernet....134 Fast Ethernet....135 Gigabit Ethernet....135 Beyond gigabit....135 The TCP/IP Protocol Suite....136 IP....137 TCP....138 UDP....138 Other Protocols Worth Knowing About....140 Chapter 2 TCP/IP and the Internet....141 What Is the Internet?....142 A Little Internet History....143 TCP/IP Standards and RFCs....144 The TCP/IP Protocol Framework....146 Network interface layer....147 Network layer....147 Transport layer....148 Application layer....148 Chapter 3 IP Addresses....149 Understanding Binary....149 Counting by ones....149 Doing the logic thing....152 Working with the binary Windows Calculator....153 Introducing IP Addresses....154 Networks and hosts....155 The dotted-decimal dance....155 Classifying IP Addresses....156 Class A addresses....159 Class B addresses....159 Class C addresses....160 Subnetting....160 Subnets....161 Subnet masks....162 Network prefix notation....163 Default subnets....163 The great subnet roundup....164 IP block parties....165 Private and public addresses....166 Pondering Ports....167 Understanding Network Address Translation....167 Chapter 4 Routing....171 Considering the Usefulness of Routers....172 Connecting to the internet....172 Connecting remote locations....174 Splitting up large networks....175 Understanding Routing Tables....176 Chapter 5 DHCP....181 Understanding DHCP....181 Configuration information provided by DHCP....182 DHCP servers....182 How DHCP actually works....183 Understanding Scopes....184 Scopes, subnets, and VLANs....185 Feeling excluded?....186 Reservations suggested....187 How long to lease?....187 Working with a DHCP Server....188 Installing a Windows Server 2025 DHCP server....188 Configuring a new scope....189 How to Configure a Windows DHCP Client....195 Automatic private IP addressing....197 Renewing and releasing leases....197 Chapter 6 DNS....199 Understanding DNS Names....199 Domains and domain names....200 Fully qualified domain names....202 Top-Level Domains....203 Generic domains....204 Country code domains....205 The Hosts File....206 Understanding DNS Servers and Zones....209 Zones....210 Primary and secondary servers....212 Root servers....213 Caching....216 Understanding DNS Queries....216 Zone Files and Resource Records....218 SOA records....220 NS records....221 A records....221 CNAME records....222 PTR records....223 MX records....223 Reverse Lookup Zones....224 Working with the Windows DNS Server....225 Creating a new zone....226 Creating a new host record....229 How to Configure a Windows DNS Client....230 Chapter 7 TCP/IP Tools and Commands....233 Using the arp Command....233 Using the hostname Command....234 Using the ipconfig Command....235 Displaying basic IP configuration....235 Displaying detailed configuration information....236 Renewing an IP lease....237 Releasing an IP lease....237 Flushing the local DNS cache....238 Using the nbtstat Command....238 Using the netstat Command....239 Displaying connections....239 Displaying interface statistics....240 Using the nslookup Command....241 Looking up an IP address....241 Using nslookup subcommands....241 Displaying DNS records....243 Locating the mail server for an email address....244 Using the pathping Command....245 Using the ping Command....247 Using the route Command....248 Displaying the routing table....248 Modifying the routing table....251 Using the tracert Command....252 Book 3 Planning a Network....257 Chapter 1 Local Area Networks....259 Making a Network Plan....259 Being Purposeful....260 Taking Stock....261 What you need to know....261 Programs that gather information for you....263 Considering Cable....264 Surmising Switches....266 Planning the Network Topology....268 Planning the TCP/IP Implementation....270 Drawing Diagrams....271 More Questions Your Network Plan Should Address....272 Chapter 2 Wide Area Networks....275 Connecting to the Internet....276 Connecting with cable or DSL....276 Connecting with T1 lines....277 Connecting with fiber....278 Connecting with a cellular network....279 Choosing a Router....279 Choosing a small office router....280 Choosing an enterprise router....281 Choosing a cellular router....281 Securing Your Connection with a Firewall....282 Providing Redundancy for Your Internet Connection....283 Securing Connections to Remote Locations and Remote Users....284 Connecting Remote Offices with an Ethernet Private Line....286 Chapter 3 Server Architecture....287 Deciding How Many Servers You Need....287 Deciding Which Servers You Need....288 Domain controllers....288 DHCP servers....289 Mail servers....289 File servers....290 Print servers....291 Web servers....292 Database servers....292 Application servers....292 Backup servers....293 Deployment servers....293 Update servers....293 Virtualization management platform....294 Connecting Your Servers....294 Chapter 4 Virtualization Architecture....297 Understanding Virtualization....298 Understanding Hypervisors....299 Understanding Virtual Disks....301 Understanding Network Virtualization....303 Considering the Benefits of Virtualization....304 Choosing Virtualization Hosts....306 Understanding Windows Server 2025 Licensing....307 Chapter 5 Storage Architecture....309 Planning Disk Capacity....309 Considering Disk Drive Types....311 Hard disk drives....311 Solid state drives....311 Considering Drive Interfaces....312 SATA....313 SAS....313 Considering RAID....314 RAID 10....314 RAID 5....315 RAID 6....317 Considering Attachment Types....317 Direct attached storage....317 Storage area networks....318 Network-attached storage....319 Chapter 6 Backup Architecture....321 Backup Basics....322 Considering Three Basic Types of Backup....323 Where to Back Up Your Data....324 Backing Up to Tape....325 Looking closer at LTO....325 Hardware for tape backup....326 A word about tape reliability....327 About cleaning the heads....328 Backing Up to NAS....329 Using a Backup Appliance....329 Understanding File-Based Backup....330 Full backups....332 Copy backups....333 Daily backups....334 Incremental backups....334 Differential backups....335 Understanding Image-Based Backups and Virtualization....336 Backup Security....336 Chapter 7 Hyperconverged Infrastructure....339 Considering the Headaches of Traditional IT Architecture....340 Defining Hyperconverged Infrastructure....341 Discerning Deduplication....343 Understanding How Deduplication Works....344 Considering Backup....346 Digging into HCI Clusters....348 Incorporating HCI Into Your Plan....349 Book 4 Implementing a Network....351 Chapter 1 Network Hardware....353 Working with Cable....353 Cable categories....353 What’s with the pairs?....354 To shield or not to shield....355 When to use plenum cable....355 Sometimes solid, sometimes stranded....356 Installation guidelines....356 Getting the tools that you need....357 Pinouts for twisted-pair cables....358 Attaching RJ-45 connectors....359 Wall jacks and patch panels....361 Server rooms and distribution frames....362 Installing Switches....363 Chapter 2 Wireless Networks....365 Installing a Wireless Access Point....365 Configuring a Wireless Access Point....366 Connecting to a Wireless Network....368 Paying Attention to Wireless Network Security....369 Understanding wireless security threats....370 Intruders....370 Freeloaders....371 Eavesdroppers....372 Spoilers....372 Rogue access points....372 Securing your wireless network....374 Changing the password....374 Securing the SSID....374 Using WPA and WPA2....375 Using MAC address filtering....376 Placing your access points outside the firewall....377 Troubleshooting a wireless network....378 Checking for obvious problems....379 Pinpointing the problem....379 Changing channels....380 Fiddling with the antennas....380 Adding another access point....380 Help! I forgot my router’s password!....381 Chapter 3 Windows Clients....383 Configuring Network Connections....383 Joining a Domain....389 Chapter 4 Mac Networking....393 Basic Mac Network Settings....394 Joining a Domain....398 Connecting to a Share....400 Chapter 5 Network Printers....403 Configuring Network Printers....403 Adding a network printer....404 Accessing a network printer using a web interface....408 Chapter 6 Virtual Private Networks....411 Understanding VPN....411 Looking at VPN Security....413 Understanding VPN Servers and Clients....414 Book 5 Implementing Virtualization....417 Chapter 1 Hyper-V....419 Understanding the Hyper-V Hypervisor....419 Understanding Hyper-V Virtual Disks....420 Enabling Hyper-V....421 Getting Familiar with Hyper-V....422 Creating a Virtual Switch....424 Creating a Virtual Disk....426 Creating a Virtual Machine....430 Installing an Operating System....435 Chapter 2 VMware....439 Looking at vSphere....440 Getting Started with VMware Workstation Pro....440 Creating a Virtual Machine....442 Installing VMware Tools....449 Chapter 3 Azure....451 Looking at Azure Services....452 Creating an Azure Account....453 Examining the Azure Portal....454 Creating a Windows Virtual Machine....455 Managing an Azure Virtual Machine....461 Connecting to an Azure Virtual Machine....464 Chapter 4 Amazon Web Services....467 Looking at What Amazon Web Services Can Do....468 Creating an Amazon Web Services Account....469 Examining the Amazon Web Services Console....470 Creating a Windows Virtual Machine....472 Managing an Amazon Web Services Virtual Machine....480 Connecting to an Amazon Web Services Virtual Machine....481 Chapter 5 Desktop Virtualization....485 Introducing Desktop Virtualization....485 Considering Two Approaches to Desktop Virtualization....487 Looking at VMware’s Horizon View....488 Looking at Citrix XenApp....489 Book 6 Implementing Windows Server 2025....493 Chapter 1 Installing Windows Server 2025....495 Planning a Windows Server Installation....495 Checking system requirements....496 Reading the release notes....496 Deciding whether to upgrade or install....496 Considering your licensing options....497 Thinking about multiboot....497 Planning your partitions....498 Deciding your TCP/IP configuration....499 Choosing workgroups or domains....499 Before You Install....500 Backing up....500 Checking the event logs....500 Applying updates....501 Disconnecting UPS devices....501 Running Setup....501 Considering Your Next Steps....507 Adding Server Roles and Features....508 Chapter 2 Configuring Windows Server 2025....513 Using the Administrator Account....513 Using Remote Desktop Connection....514 Enabling remote access....514 Connecting remotely....516 Using Microsoft Management Console....517 Working with MMC....518 Taking an overview of the MMC consoles....519 Customizing MMC....521 Chapter 3 Configuring Active Directory....523 What Active Directory Does....523 Understanding How Active Directory Is Structured....524 Objects....524 Domains....525 Organizational units....526 Trees....527 Forests....527 Creating a New Domain....528 Creating an Organizational Unit....529 Chapter 4 Configuring User Accounts....533 Understanding Windows User Accounts....533 Local accounts versus domain accounts....534 User account properties....534 Creating a New User....535 Setting User Properties....538 Changing the user’s contact information....539 Setting account options....539 Specifying logon hours....540 Restricting access to certain computers....541 Setting the user’s profile information....542 Resetting User Passwords....543 Disabling and Enabling User Accounts....544 Deleting a User....545 Working with Groups....545 Group types....546 Group scope....546 Default groups....547 Creating a group....548 Adding a member to a group....549 Working with User Profiles....551 Types of user profiles....551 Roaming profiles....552 Creating a Logon Script....554 Chapter 5 Configuring a File Server....555 Understanding Permissions....555 Understanding Shares....557 Considering Best Practices for Setting Up Shares....558 Managing Your File Server....559 Using the New Share Wizard....560 Sharing a folder without the wizard....564 Granting permissions....566 Chapter 6 Using Group Policy....569 Understanding Group Policy....569 Enabling Group Policy Management on Windows Server 2025....570 Creating Group Policy Objects....571 Filtering Group Policy Objects....578 Chapter 7 Comandeering Windows Commands....581 Using a Command Window....582 Opening and closing a command window....582 Editing commands....583 Using the Control menu....583 Special Command Tricks....584 Wildcards....584 Chaining commands....585 Redirection and piping....585 Environment variables....586 Batch files....588 The EventCreate Command....589 Net Commands....590 The Net Accounts command....591 The Net Computer command....592 The Net Config command....592 The Net Continue command....593 The Net File command....594 The Net Group command....594 The Net Help command....596 The Net Helpmsg command....596 The Net Localgroup command....597 The Net Pause command....598 The Net Session command....599 The Net Share command....600 The Net Start command....601 The Net Statistics command....601 The Net Stop command....602 The Net Time command....603 The Net Use command....603 The Net User command....605 The Net View command....606 The RunAs Command....607 Chapter 8 Using PowerShell....609 Using PowerShell....610 Understanding PowerShell Commands....612 Using Cmdlets....613 Using Parameters....613 Getting Help....615 Using Aliases....617 Using the Pipeline....619 Using Providers....623 Using Scripts....624 Book 7 Administering Microsoft 365....629 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Microsoft 365 Administration....631 Introducing Microsoft 365....632 Considering Microsoft 365 Plans....634 Understanding Tenants....636 Creating an Microsoft 365 Tenant....637 Creating a New User....641 Resetting a User’s Password....647 Disabling a User....648 Chapter 2 Configuring Exchange Online....651 Looking at Exchange Online Recipient Types....651 Examining the Exchange Admin Center....652 Managing Mailboxes....655 Creating an email alias....656 Delegating a mailbox....658 Converting a standard mailbox to a shared mailbox....660 Enabling or disabling mailbox apps....661 Creating a forwarder....662 Creating a Shared Mailbox....663 Chapter 3 Administering Teams....667 What Is Teams?....668 A Brief Look at How Teams Works....671 Microsoft 365 Group....672 SharePoint....674 OneDrive for Business....676 Using the Teams Admin Center....676 Managing Teams....678 Book 8 Implementing Linux....683 Chapter 1 Installing a Linux Server....685 Planning a Linux Server Installation....685 Checking system requirements....685 Choosing a distribution....686 Going virtual....688 Deciding on your TCP/IP configuration....688 Installing Fedora Server....689 Chapter 2 Linux Administration....699 On Again, Off Again....699 Logging in....699 Logging out....701 Shutting down....701 Wait, Where’s the Desktop?....702 Playing the Shell Game....702 Getting into Virtual Consoles....703 Using a Remote Console....704 Enabling the root User....705 Using the sudo Command....706 Understanding the file system....706 Looking at top-level directories....707 Browsing the file system....708 Using the RPM Package Manager....709 Listing packages....710 Installing packages....712 Removing packages....713 Updating packages....714 Editing Text Files with Vi....715 Starting vi....716 Saving changes and quitting Vi....718 Understanding Vi’s operating modes....718 Moving around in a file....719 Inserting text....720 Deleting text....721 Changing text....722 Copying and pasting text....722 Repeating commands....723 Other useful Vi commands....724 Using Cockpit....724 Managing User Accounts....728 Chapter 3 Basic Linux Network Configuration....731 Using Cockpit to Configure Network Interfaces....731 Working with Network Configuration Files....736 The Network file....736 The interface configuration files....737 The Hosts file....739 The resolv.conf file....740 Displaying Your Network Configuration with the ifconfig Command....740 Chapter 4 Running DHCP and DNS....743 Running a DHCP Server....743 Installing DHCP....744 Configuring DHCP....744 Starting DHCP....746 Running a DNS Server....746 Installing BIND....746 Editing BIND configuration files....747 named.conf....747 Zone files....749 Restarting BIND....750 Chapter 5 Linux Commands....751 Command Shell Basics....751 Getting to a shell....752 Editing commands....752 Wildcards....752 Redirection and piping....753 Environment variables....754 Shell scripts....754 Running a command with root-level privileges....755 Directory- and File-Handling Commands....756 The pwd command....756 The cd command....756 The mkdir command....757 The rmdir command....757 The ls command....758 The cp command....759 The rm command....760 The mv command....761 The cat command....761 Commands for Working with Packages and Services....763 The service command....763 The yum and dnf commands....764 Commands for Administering Users....765 The useradd command....765 The usermod command....767 The userdel command....767 The chage command....767 The passwd command....768 The newusers command....768 The groupadd command....769 The groupdel command....769 The gpasswd command....770 Commands for Managing Ownership and Permissions....771 The chown command....771 The chgrp command....772 The chmod command....772 Networking Commands....773 The hostname command....774 The ifconfig command....774 The netstat command....775 The ping command....776 The route command....778 The traceroute command....778 Book 9 Managing a Network....781 Chapter 1 Welcome to Network Administration....783 Knowing What Network Administrators Do....784 Choosing the Part-Time Administrator....785 Establishing Routine Chores....786 Managing Network Users....787 Patching Up Your Operating System and Software....788 Discovering Software Tools for Network Administrators....789 Building a Library....790 Getting Certified....791 CompTIA....792 Microsoft....793 Cisco....793 Gurus Need Gurus, Too....794 Helpful Bluffs and Excuses....795 Chapter 2 Managing Remotely....797 Enabling Remote Desktop Connection....798 Connecting Remotely....800 Using Keyboard Shortcuts for Remote Desktop....802 Configuring Remote Desktop Options....803 Setting the Display options....804 Setting the Local Resources options....805 Setting the Experience options....806 Setting the Advanced options....807 Using Remote Assistance....808 Enabling Remote Assistance....809 Inviting Someone to Help You via a Remote Assistance Session....810 Responding to a Remote Assistance Invitation....813 Chapter 3 Managing Network Assets....817 Introducing IT Asset Management....818 Why Bother?....819 Getting Organized....819 What to Track....820 Taking Pictures....821 Picking a Number....822 Making Labels....822 Tracking Software....824 Using Asset-Tracking Software....824 Other Sources of Asset-Tracking Information....825 Chapter 4 Solving Network Problems....827 When Bad Things Happen to Good Computers....828 Fixing Dead Computers....829 Ways to Check a Network Connection....830 A Bunch of Error Messages Just Flew By!....831 Double-Checking Your Network Settings....832 Time to Experiment....832 Who’s on First?....833 Restarting a Client Computer....834 Booting in Safe Mode....835 Using System Restore....835 Restarting Network Services....837 Restarting a Network Server....838 Looking at Event Logs....839 Documenting Your Trials and Tribulations....840 Book 10 Dealing with Cybersecurity....841 Chapter 1 Securing Your Users....843 Knowing the Difference between Authentication and Authorization....844 Following Password Best Practices....844 Securing the Administrator Account....847 Understanding Multifactor Authentication....849 Securing the Human Firewall....850 Establishing cybersecurity policies....850 Training....850 Phish testing....851 Chapter 2 Managing Firewalls and Virus Protection....853 Firewalls....854 The Many Types of Firewalls....855 Packet filtering....855 Stateful packet inspection (SPI)....857 Circuit-level gateway....858 Application gateway....858 Firewall Best Practices....859 The Built-In Windows Firewall....860 Configuring Windows Defender Firewall with Group Policy....862 Virus Protection....868 What is a virus?....869 Antivirus programs....870 Safe computing....872 Chapter 3 Dealing with Spam....873 Defining Spam....874 Sampling the Many Flavors of Spam....875 Using Antispam Software....876 Understanding Spam Filters....877 Looking at Three Types of Antispam Software....880 On-premises antispam....880 Antispam appliances....882 Cloud-based antispam services....882 Minimizing Spam....884 Chapter 4 Managing Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning....887 Assessing Different Types of Disasters....888 Environmental disasters....889 Deliberate disasters....889 Disruption of services....890 Equipment failure....890 Other disasters....891 Analyzing the Impact of a Disaster....891 Developing a Business Continuity Plan....892 Holding a Fire Drill....893 Chapter 5 Planning for Cybersecurity Incident Response....895 Seeing the Importance of a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan....896 Preparing Your Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan....898 Assembling Your Response Team....899 Identifying and Reporting a Cybersecurity Incident....900 Triaging Reported Incidents....901 Containing a Cybersecurity Incident....902 Engaging the Eradication Phase....904 Restoring Lost Data and Systems....904 Considering Communication....905 Internal communication....905 Methods of communication....906 Executive leadership communication....906 External communication....907 Closing the Incident....907 Documentation....908 Lessons learned....908 Chapter 6 Penetration Testing....909 Understanding Ethical Hacking....910 Introducing the Red Team....911 Seeing How Penetration Testing Works....911 Scoping a Penetration Test....914 Establishing Boundaries....915 Examining Tools for Penetration Testing....916 How to set up Kali....916 What you’ll find on Kali....917 Looking at one of Kali’s tools....918 Knowing What to Expect from a Penetration Test....919 Index....921 EULA....1