Azure Kubernetes Services with Microservices: Understanding Its Patterns and Architecture

Table of Contents....5 About the Authors....10 About the Technical Reviewer....11 Acknowledgments....12 Chapter 1: Introduction to Microservices and AKS....13 Introduction....13 The History of Distributed Computing....14 Client Server Model....14 Component Technology....16 Web Services....16 Service Oriented Architecture....17 What Are Microservices?....18 Monoliths vs. Microservices....19 Introduction to the Cloud-Native Architecture....23 How Business Benefits from Cloud-Native Applications....28 An Introduction to AKS and its Components....29 Container Images....32 The Cluster....32 The Control Plane....33 Deploying Apps and Workloads....33 Summary....35 Appendix....36 Chapter 2: Microservices: Architecting and Design Considerations....37 Introduction....37 Microservice Architecture Benefits....37 Deriving Business Value....39 Defining a Goal-Oriented, Layered Approach....40 Modularity....41 Cohesiveness....41 Interrelationships....42 Maturity Model for Microservice Architecture Goals and Benefits....42 Applying the Goal-Oriented, Layered Approach....43 Microservices Design....44 The Systems Approach to Microservices....45 Service....46 Solution....47 Process and Tools....47 Organization....47 Culture....48 Embracing Change....48 Standardization and Coordination....49 Standardizing Process....49 Standardizing Outputs....50 Standardizing People....51 Standardization Trade-Offs....51 A Microservices Design Process....52 Set Optimization Goals....52 Development Principles....53 Sketch the System Design....53 Implement, Observe, and Adjust....54 The Microservices System Designer....56 Goals and Principles....56 Goals for the Microservices Way....57 Reduce Costs....58 Increase Release Speed....58 Improve Resilience....59 Enable Visibility....59 Trade-Offs....59 Operating Principles....60 Netflix....60 Antifragility....60 Immutability....61 Separation of Concerns....61 UNIX....61 Suggested Principles....62 Do One Thing Well....62 Build Afresh....62 Expect Output to Become Input....63 Dont Insist on Interactive Input....63 Try Early....63 Dont Hesitate to Throw It Away....64 Toolmaking....64 Platforms....64 Shared Capabilities....65 Hardware Services....66 Source Code Management, Test, and Deployment....66 Data Storage....67 Service Orchestration....67 Security and Identity....67 Architectural Policy....67 Localized Capabilities....68 Culture....69 Aligning Your Teams....70 Fostering Innovation....70 Summary....72 Appendix....72 Chapter 3: Microservices Design Patterns....73 Introduction....73 Service Design....73 Microservice Boundaries....74 Microservice Boundaries and Domain-Driven Design....75 Its Only a Model....75 Bounded Context....76 Smaller Is Better....77 Ubiquitous Language....78 API Design for Microservices....78 Message-Oriented....79 Hypermedia-Driven....79 Data and Microservices....81 Shipping Company Example....82 Event Sourcing....83 System Model for Shipping Company....87 CQRS....89 Distributed Transactions and Sagas....91 Asynchronous Message-Passing and Microservices....92 Dealing with Dependencies....94 Pragmatic Mobility....97 System Design and Operations....100 Independent Deployability....100 Do You Need More Servers?....102 Microservice Architecture Is a Product of Its Time....103 Docker and Microservices....104 The Role of Service Discovery....106 The Need for an API Gateway....108 Security....108 Transformation and Orchestration....109 Routing....111 Monitoring and Alerting....112 Summary....113 Appendix....113 Chapter 4: Containers and Azure Kubernetes Services....114 Introduction....114 Containers....114 How Containers Solve This Problem....115 How Containerization Is Different from Virtualization....115 Using Docker....119 Installing Docker Desktop in Your Development Environment....121 Exploring the docker run Command....123 Running a Webserver....123 Viewing the Contents of the Web Page from the Terminal....124 Cleanup Processes....125 The Dockerfile....126 Use Entrypoint to Make the Greeter a Bit More Configurable....127 Use COPY to Launch a Simple Static Website....128 Monitoring Docker Containers and Docker Logs....129 Docker Exec: Run Commands Inside a Running Container!....129 Docker Inspect....130 Creating a Docker Hub Account and Connecting to It....130 Tagging and Pushing Your Image to the Registry....131 Using Kubernetes....132 Kubernetes Tooling and Setup....135 Summary....139 Appendix....139 Chapter 5: Securing and Monitoring Applications Running on AKS....141 Introduction....141 Security Concepts....142 Master Security....142 Node Security....143 Cluster Upgrades....144 Network Security....145 Kubernetes Secrets....145 Azure Kubernetes Service Checklist....147 Security Concepts: Conclusion....150 Monitoring Concepts....150 Container Insights....150 Azure Monitor Features....153 Summary....160 Chapter 6: CICD for AKS....161 Introduction....161 A Quick Look at DevOps....161 Goals of This Exercise....162 Creating Azure Kubernetes Service Using Azure Portal....163 Creating Azure Container Instance Using Azure Portal....172 Working with Visual Studio to Build the Sample Application....180 CICD with Azure DevOps....192 Summary....250 Index....251