Python for Everybody: Exploring Data in Python 3

Why should you learn to write programs?....13 Creativity and motivation....14 Computer hardware architecture....15 Understanding programming....16 Words and sentences....17 Conversing with Python....18 Terminology: Interpreter and compiler....20 Writing a program....22 What is a program?....22 The building blocks of programs....23 What could possibly go wrong?....24 Debugging....26 The learning journey....27 Glossary....27 Exercises....28 Variables, expressions, and statements....31 Values and types....31 Variables....32 Variable names and keywords....33 Statements....33 Operators and operands....34 Expressions....35 Order of operations....35 Modulus operator....36 String operations....36 Asking the user for input....37 Comments....38 Choosing mnemonic variable names....39 Debugging....40 Glossary....41 Exercises....42 Conditional execution....43 Boolean expressions....43 Logical operators....44 Conditional execution....44 Alternative execution....45 Chained conditionals....46 Nested conditionals....47 Catching exceptions using try and except....48 Short-circuit evaluation of logical expressions....50 Debugging....51 Glossary....51 Exercises....52 Functions....55 Function calls....55 Built-in functions....55 Type conversion functions....56 Math functions....57 Random numbers....58 Adding new functions....59 Definitions and uses....60 Flow of execution....61 Parameters and arguments....61 Fruitful functions and void functions....63 Why functions?....64 Debugging....64 Glossary....65 Exercises....66 Iteration....69 Updating variables....69 The while statement....69 Infinite loops....70 Finishing iterations with continue....71 Definite loops using for....72 Loop patterns....73 Counting and summing loops....73 Maximum and minimum loops....74 Debugging....76 Glossary....76 Exercises....76 Strings....79 A string is a sequence....79 Getting the length of a string using len....80 Traversal through a string with a loop....80 String slices....81 Strings are immutable....82 Looping and counting....82 The in operator....83 String comparison....83 String methods....83 Parsing strings....86 Formatted String Literals....86 Debugging....87 Glossary....88 Exercises....89 Files....91 Persistence....91 Opening files....92 Text files and lines....93 Reading files....94 Searching through a file....95 Letting the user choose the file name....97 Using try, except, and open....98 Writing files....99 Debugging....100 Glossary....101 Exercises....101 Lists....103 A list is a sequence....103 Lists are mutable....104 Traversing a list....104 List operations....105 List slices....106 List methods....106 Deleting elements....107 Lists and functions....108 Lists and strings....109 Parsing lines....110 Objects and values....111 Aliasing....112 List arguments....112 Debugging....114 Glossary....117 Exercises....117 Dictionaries....121 Dictionary as a set of counters....123 Dictionaries and files....124 Looping and dictionaries....125 Advanced text parsing....127 Debugging....128 Glossary....129 Exercises....129 Tuples....131 Tuples are immutable....131 Comparing tuples....132 Tuple assignment....134 Dictionaries and tuples....135 Multiple assignment with dictionaries....136 The most common words....137 Using tuples as keys in dictionaries....138 Sequences: strings, lists, and tuples - Oh My!....138 List comprehension....139 Debugging....139 Glossary....140 Exercises....140 Regular expressions....143 Character matching in regular expressions....144 Extracting data using regular expressions....145 Combining searching and extracting....148 Escape character....152 Summary....152 Bonus section for Unix / Linux users....153 Debugging....154 Glossary....154 Exercises....155 Networked programs....157 Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP....157 The world's simplest web browser....158 Retrieving an image over HTTP....160 Retrieving web pages with urllib....162 Reading binary files using urllib....163 Parsing HTML and scraping the web....164 Parsing HTML using regular expressions....164 Parsing HTML using BeautifulSoup....166 Bonus section for Unix / Linux users....169 Glossary....169 Exercises....170 Using Web Services....171 eXtensible Markup Language - XML....171 Parsing XML....172 Looping through nodes....173 JavaScript Object Notation - JSON....174 Parsing JSON....175 Application Programming Interfaces....176 Security and API usage....177 Glossary....178 Application 1: Google geocoding web service....178 Application 2: Twitter....182 Object-oriented programming....187 Managing larger programs....187 Getting started....188 Using objects....188 Starting with programs....189 Subdividing a problem....191 Our first Python object....191 Classes as types....194 Object lifecycle....195 Multiple instances....196 Inheritance....197 Summary....198 Glossary....199 Using Databases and SQL....201 What is a database?....201 Database concepts....201 Database Browser for SQLite....202 Creating a database table....202 Structured Query Language summary....205 Spidering Twitter using a database....207 Basic data modeling....212 Programming with multiple tables....213 Constraints in database tables....216 Retrieve and/or insert a record....217 Storing the friend relationship....218 Three kinds of keys....219 Using JOIN to retrieve data....220 Summary....222 Debugging....223 Glossary....223 Visualizing data....225 Building a OpenStreetMap from geocoded data....225 Visualizing networks and interconnections....227 Visualizing mail data....230 Contributions....237 Contributor List for Python for Everybody....237 Contributor List for Python for Informatics....237 Preface for Think Python....237 The strange history of Think Python....237 Acknowledgements for Think Python....239 Contributor List for Think Python....239 Copyright Detail....241