The Complete Rust Programming Reference Guide: Design, develop, and deploy effective software systems using the advanced constructs of Rust

Title Page....2 Copyright....-1 The Complete Rust Programming Reference Guide....4 About Packt....6 Why subscribe?....7 Packt.com....8 Contributors....9 About the authors....10 Packt is searching for authors like you....11 Preface....27 Who this book is for....28 What this book covers....29 To get the most out of this book....32 Download the example code files....33 Conventions used....34 Get in touch....35 Reviews....36 Getting Started with Rust....37 What is Rust and why should you care?....38 Installing the Rust compiler and toolchain....46 Using rustup.rs....47 A tour of the language....50 Primitive types....54 Declaring variables and immutability....56 Functions....58 Closures....60 Strings....62 Conditionals and decision making....63 Match expressions....65 Loops....67 User-defined types....70 Structs....71 Enums....74 Functions and methods on types....77 Impl blocks on structs....78 Impl blocks for enums....81 Modules, imports, and use statements....83 Collections....84 Arrays....85 Tuples....86 Vectors....87 Hashmaps....88 Slices....89 Iterators....91 Exercise – fixing the word counter....93 Summary....95 Managing Projects with Cargo....96 Package managers....97 Modules....98 Nested modules....99 File as a module....102 Directory as module....104 Cargo and crates....107 Creating a new Cargo project....109 Cargo and dependencies....112 Running tests with Cargo....115 Running examples with Cargo....119 Cargo workspace....120 Extending Cargo and tools....122 Subcommands and Cargo installation....123 cargo-watch....124 cargo-edit....125 cargo-deb....126 cargo-outdated....127 Linting code with clippy....128 Exploring the manifest file – Cargo.toml....130 Setting up a Rust development environment....134 Building a project with Cargo – imgtool....139 Summary....143 Tests, Documentation, and Benchmarks....144 Motivation for testing....145 Organizing tests....147 Testing primitives....148 Attributes....149 Assertion macros....150 Unit tests....152 First unit test....153 Running tests....154 Isolating test code....155 Failing tests....157 Ignoring tests....158 Integration tests....160 First integration test....161 Sharing common code....163 Documentation....165 Writing documentation....166 Generating and viewing documentation....167 Hosting documentation....168 Doc attributes....169 Documentation tests....170 Benchmarks....172 Built-in micro-benchmark harness....173 Benchmarking on stable Rust....176 Writing and testing a crate – logic gate simulator....180 Continuous integration with Travis CI....185 Summary....190 Types, Generics, and Traits....191 Type systems and why they matter....192 Generics....194 Creating generic types....196 Generic functions....197 Generic types....199 Generic implementations....200 Using generics....202 Abstracting behavior with traits....204 Traits....205 The many forms of traits....212 Marker traits....213 Simple traits....214 Generic traits....215 Associated type traits....216 Inherited traits....217 Using traits with generics – trait bounds....218 Trait bounds on types....223 Trait bounds on generic functions and impl blocks....224 Using + to compose traits as bounds....225 Trait bounds with impl trait syntax....227 Exploring standard library traits....229 True polymorphism using trait objects....237 Dispatch....238 Trait objects....239 Summary....242 Memory Management and Safety....243 Programs and memory....245 How do programs use memory?....248 Memory management and its kinds....250 Approaches to memory allocation....252 The stack....253 The heap....255 Memory management pitfalls....258 Memory safety....259 Trifecta of memory safety....262 Ownership....263 A brief on scopes....266 Move and copy semantics....268 Duplicating types via traits....271 Copy....272 Clone....273 Ownership in action....275 Borrowing....280 Borrowing rules....283 Borrowing in action....284 Method types based on borrowing....287 Lifetimes....288 Lifetime parameters....291 Lifetime elision and the rules....292 Lifetimes in user defined types....294 Lifetime in impl blocks....295 Multiple lifetimes....296 Lifetime subtyping....297 Specifying lifetime bounds on generic types....298 Pointer types in Rust....300 References – safe pointers....301 Raw pointers....302 Smart pointers....303 Drop....304 Deref and DerefMut....306 Types of smart pointers....307 Box<T>....308 Reference counted smart pointers....311 Rc<T>....312 Interior mutability....318 Cell<T>....319 RefCell<T>....321 Uses of interior mutability....323 Summary....325 Error Handling....326 Error handling prelude....327 Recoverable errors....330 Option....331 Result....336 Combinators on Option/Result....341 Common combinators....342 Using combinators....344 Converting between Option and Result....346 Early returns and the ? operator....347 Non-recoverable errors....349 User-friendly panics....354 Custom errors and the Error trait....355 Summary....360 Advanced Concepts....361 Type system tidbits....362 Blocks and expressions....363 Let statements....367 Loop as an expression....373 Type clarity and sign distinction in numeric types....374 Type inference....377 Type aliases....379 Strings....381 Owned strings – String....382 Borrowed strings – &str....385 Slicing and dicing strings....388 Using strings in functions....390 Joining strings....391 When to use &str versus String ?....393 Global values....394 Constants....395 Statics....396 Compile time functions – const fn....397 Dynamic statics using the lazy_static! macro....399 Iterators....400 Implementing a custom iterator....402 Advanced types....406 Unsized types....407 Function types....409 Never type ! and diverging functions....410 Unions....411 Cow....413 Advanced traits....414 Sized and ?Sized....415 Borrow and AsRef....416 ToOwned....417 From and Into....418 Trait objects and object safety....419 Universal function call syntax....421 Trait rules....422 Closures in depth....423 Fn closures....424 FnMut closures....425 FnOnce closures....426 Consts in structs, enums, and traits....427 Modules, paths, and imports....429 Imports....430 Re-exports....431 Selective privacy....433 Advanced match patterns and guards....434 Match guards....435 Advanced let destructure....436 Casting and coercion....437 Types and memory....438 Memory alignment....439 Exploring the std::mem module....440 Serialization and deserialization using serde....442 Summary....444 Concurrency....445 Program execution models....446 Concurrency....448 Approaches to concurrency....450 Kernel-based....451 User-level....453 Pitfalls....455 Concurrency in Rust....458 Thread basics....459 Customizing threads....462 Accessing data from threads....464 Concurrency models with threads....467 Shared state model....468 Shared ownership with Arc....470 Mutating shared data from threads....471 Mutex....473 Shared mutability with Arc and Mutex....474 RwLock....476 Communicating through message passing....477 Asynchronous channels....478 Synchronous channels....480 thread-safety in Rust....481 What is thread-safety?....482 Traits for thread-safety....484 Send....485 Sync....486 Concurrency using the actor model....487 Other crates....490 Summary....491 Metaprogramming with Macros....492 What is metaprogramming?....493 When to use and not use Rust macros....497 Macros in Rust and their types....498 Types of macros....502 Creating your first macro with macro_rules!....503 Built-in macros in the standard library....508 macro_rules! token types....510 Repetitions in macros....514 A more involved macro – writing a DSL for HashMap initialization....516 Macro use case – writing tests....518 Exercises....521 Procedural macros....522 Derive macros....524 Debugging macros....531 Useful procedural macro crates....533 Summary....534 Unsafe Rust and Foreign Function Interfaces....535 What is safe and unsafe really?....536 Unsafe functions and blocks....541 Unsafe traits and implementations....545 Calling C code from Rust....548 Calling Rust code from C....552 Using external C/C++ libraries from Rust....555 Creating native Python extensions with PyO3....559 Creating native extensions in Rust for Node.js....563 Summary....568 Logging....569 What is logging and why do we need it?....570 The need for logging frameworks....573 Logging frameworks and their key features....574 Approaches to logging....577 Unstructured logging....578 Structured logging....579 Logging in Rust....580 log – Rust's logging facade....581 The env_logger....583 log4rs....585 Structured logging using slog....588 Summary....594 Network Programming in Rust....595 Network programming prelude....596 Synchronous network I/O....600 Building a synchronous redis server....602 Asynchronous network I/O....609 Async abstractions in Rust....611 Mio....612 Futures....613 Tokio....614 Building an asynchronous redis server....615 Summary....620 Building Web Applications with Rust....621 Web applications in Rust....622 Typed HTTP with Hyper....624 Hyper server APIs – building a URL shortener ....626 hyper as a client – building a URL shortener client....630 Web frameworks....633 Actix-web basics....634 Building a bookmarks API using Actix-web....635 Summary....645 Lists, Lists, and More Lists....646 Linked lists....647 A transaction log....648 Adding entries....651 Log replay....653 After use....655 Wrap up....656 Upsides....657 Downsides....658 Doubly linked list....659 A better transaction log....661 Examining the log....662 Reverse....664 Wrap up....665 Upsides....667 Downsides....668 Skip lists....669 The best transaction log....672 The list....673 Adding data....674 Leveling up....676 Jumping around....678 Thoughts and discussion....680 Upsides....683 Downsides....684 Dynamic arrays....685 Favorite transactions....688 Internal arrays....689 Quick access....691 Wrap up....693 Upsides....694 Downsides....695 Summary....696 Further reading....698 Robust Trees....699 Binary search tree....700 IoT device management....702 More devices....703 Finding the right one....705 Finding all devices....706 Wrap up....708 Upsides....709 Downsides....710 Red-black tree....711 Better IoT device management....717 Even more devices....718 Balancing the tree....720 Finding the right one, now....723 Wrap up....725 Upsides....726 Downsides....727 Heaps....728 A huge inbox....730 Getting messages in....731 Taking messages out....732 Wrap up....733 Upsides....734 Downsides....735 Trie....736 More realistic IoT device management....738 Adding paths....739 Walking....740 Wrap up....741 Upsides....742 Downsides....743 B-Tree....744 An IoT database....747 Adding stuff....749 Searching for stuff....752 Walking the tree....754 Wrap up....755 Upsides....758 Downsides....759 Graphs....760 The literal Internet of Things....765 Neighborhood search....767 The shortest path....769 Wrap up....774 Upsides....775 Downsides....776 Summary....777 Exploring Maps and Sets....779 Hashing....780 Create your own....783 Message digestion....786 Wrap up....788 Maps....792 A location cache....795 The hash function....796 Adding locations....797 Fetching locations....798 Wrap up....799 Upsides....801 Downsides....802 Sets....803 Storing network addresses....806 Networked operations....808 Union....810 Intersection....811 Difference....812 Wrap up....813 Upsides....814 Downsides....815 Summary....816 Further reading....818 Collections in Rust....819 Sequences....820 Vec<T> and VecDeque<T>....821 Architecture....822 Insert....824 Look up....826 Remove....828 LinkedList<T>....829 Architecture....830 Insert....831 Look up....833 Remove....835 Wrap up....836 Maps and sets....837 HashMap and HashSet....838 Architecture....839 Insert....841 Lookup....843 Remove....844 BTreeMap and BTreeSet....845 Architecture....846 Insert....847 Look up....849 Remove....850 Wrap up....851 Summary....853 Further reading....854 Algorithm Evaluation....855 The Big O notation....856 Other people's code....857 The Big O....858 Asymptotic runtime complexity....859 Making your own....860 Loops....861 Recursion....862 Complexity classes....863 O(1)....864 O(log(n))....865 O(n)....866 O(n log(n))....867 O(n²)....868 O(2n)....869 Comparison....870 In the wild....871 Data structures....872 Everyday things....873 Exotic things....874 Summary....875 Further reading....876 Ordering Things....877 From chaos to order....878 Bubble sort....880 Shell sort....885 Heap sort....889 Merge sort....893 Quicksort....897 Summary....903 Further reading....905 Finding Stuff....906 Finding the best....907 Linear searches....908 Jump search....909 Binary searching....911 Wrap up....914 Summary....917 Further reading....918 Random and Combinatorial....919 Pseudo-random numbers....920 LCG....926 Wichmann-Hill....930 The rand crate....934 Back to front....935 Packing bags or the 0-1 knapsack problem....936 N queens....939 Advanced problem solving....944 Dynamic programming....945 The knapsack problem improved....946 Metaheuristic approaches....951 Example metaheuristic – genetic algorithms....952 Summary....955 Further reading....956 Algorithms of the Standard Library....957 Slicing and iteration....958 Iterator....959 Slices....961 Search....962 Linear search....963 Binary search....964 Sorting....966 Stable sorting....967 Unstable sorting....971 Summary....974 Further reading....975 Other Books You May Enjoy....976 Leave a review - let other readers know what you think....978