Rust Servers, Services, and Apps

Rust Servers, Services, and Apps....1 brief contents....7 contents....8 preface....12 acknowledgments....14 about this book....15 Who should read this book....15 How this book is organized: A road map....16 About the code....17 liveBook discussion forum....18 Other online resources....18 about the author....19 about the cover illustration....20 Part 1 Web servers and services....21 1 Why Rust for web applications?....23 1.1 Introducing modern web applications....24 1.2 Choosing Rust for web applications....27 1.2.1 Characteristics of web applications....27 1.2.2 Benefits of Rust for web applications....28 1.2.3 What does Rust not have?....33 1.3 Visualizing the example application....33 1.3.1 What will we build?....34 1.3.2 Technical guidelines for the example application....36 Summary....37 2 Writing a basic web server from scratch....39 2.1 The networking model....40 2.2 Writing a TCP server in Rust....42 2.2.1 Designing the TCP/IP communication flow....42 2.2.2 Writing the TCP server and client....43 2.3 Writing an HTTP server in Rust....47 2.3.1 Parsing HTTP request messages....49 2.3.2 Constructing HTTP response messages....57 2.3.3 Writing the main() function and server module....64 2.3.4 Writing the router and handler modules....65 2.3.5 Testing the web server....70 Summary....72 3 Building a RESTful web service....73 3.1 Getting started with Actix....73 3.1.1 Writing the first REST API....74 3.1.2 Understanding Actix concepts....76 3.2 Building web APIs with REST....79 3.2.1 Defining the project scope and structure....80 3.2.2 Defining and managing application state....83 3.2.3 Defining the data model....86 3.2.4 Posting a course....90 3.2.5 Getting all the courses for a tutor....94 3.2.6 Getting the details of a single course....96 Summary....98 4 Performing database operations....100 4.1 Setting up the project structure....101 4.2 Writing our first async connection to database (iteration 1)....102 4.2.1 Selecting the database and connection library....102 4.2.2 Setting up the database and connecting with an async pool....103 4.3 Setting up the web service and writing unit tests (iteration 2)....108 4.3.1 Setting up the dependencies and routes....109 4.3.2 Setting up the application state and data model....109 4.3.3 Setting up the connection pool using dependency injection....110 4.3.4 Writing the unit tests....113 4.4 Creating and querying records from the database (iteration 3)....115 4.4.1 Writing database access functions....115 4.4.2 Writing handler functions....118 4.4.3 Writing the main() function for the database-backed web service....121 Summary....123 5 Handling errors....125 5.1 Setting up the project structure....126 5.2 Basic error handling in Rust and Actix Web....129 5.3 Defining a custom error handler....135 5.4 Error handling for retrieving all courses....138 5.5 Error handling for retrieving course details....144 5.6 Error handling for posting a new course....146 Summary....147 6 Evolving the APIs and fearless refactoring....149 6.1 Revamping the project structure....150 6.2 Enhancing the data model for course creation and management....155 6.2.1 Making changes to the data model....156 6.2.2 Making changes to the course APIs....161 6.3 Enabling tutor registration and management....174 6.3.1 Data model and routes for tutors....174 6.3.2 Handler functions for tutor routes....176 6.3.3 Database access functions for tutor routes....178 6.3.4 Database scripts for tutors....180 6.3.5 Run and test the tutor APIs....181 Summary....184 Part 2 Server-side web applications....187 7 Introducing server-side web apps in Rust....189 7.1 Introducing server-side rendering....190 7.2 Serving a static web page with Actix....192 7.3 Rendering a dynamic web page with Actix and Tera....194 7.4 Adding user input with forms....196 7.5 Displaying a list with templates....199 7.6 Writing and running client-side tests....202 7.7 Connecting to the backend web service....205 Summary....208 8 Working with templates for tutor registration....209 8.1 Writing the initial web application....210 8.2 Displaying the registration form....216 8.3 Handling registration submission....221 Summary....226 9 Working with forms for course maintenance....228 9.1 Designing user authentication....229 9.2 Setting up the project structure....230 9.3 Implementing user authentication....231 9.4 Routing HTTP requests....236 9.5 Creating a resource with the HTTP POST method....239 9.6 Updating a resource with the HTTP PUT method....241 9.7 Deleting a resource with the HTTP DELETE method....244 Summary....245 Part 3 Advanced topic: Async Rust....247 10 Understanding async Rust....249 10.1 Introducing async programming concepts....250 10.2 Writing concurrent programs....256 10.3 Diving deeper into async Rust....261 10.4 Understanding futures....265 10.5 Implementing a custom future....272 Summary....275 11 Building a P2P node with async Rust....276 11.1 Introducing peer-to-peer networks....277 11.1.1 Transport....279 11.1.2 Peer identity....279 11.1.3 Security....279 11.1.4 Peer routing....279 11.1.5 Messaging....279 11.1.6 Stream multiplexing....280 11.2 Understanding the core architecture of libp2p networking....280 11.2.1 Peer IDs and key pairs....281 11.2.2 Multiaddresses....283 11.2.3 Swarm and network behavior....284 11.3 Exchanging ping commands between peer nodes....286 11.4 Discovering peers....288 Summary....290 12 Deploying web services with Docker....291 12.1 Introducing production deployment of servers and apps....292 12.1.1 Software deployment cycle....292 12.1.2 Docker container basics....294 12.2 Writing the Docker container....296 12.2.1 Checking the Docker installation....296 12.2.2 Writing a simple Docker container....298 12.2.3 Multistage Docker build....300 12.3 Building the database container....303 12.3.1 Packaging the Postgres database....304 12.3.2 Creating database tables....308 12.4 Packaging the web service with Docker....310 12.5 Orchestrating Docker containers with Docker Compose....312 Summary....317 appendix Postgres installation....319 index....321 Symbols....321 Numerics....321 A....321 B....321 C....322 D....322 E....323 F....324 G....324 H....324 I....325 K....325 L....325 M....325 N....325 O....325 P....325 Q....326 R....326 S....327 T....327 U....328 V....328 W....328 Rust Servers, Services, and Apps - back....330