PHP by Example: A Practical Guide to Creating Web Applications with PHP

Table of Contents....5 About the Author....10 About the Technical Reviewer....11 Acknowledgments....12 Introduction....13 Chapter 1: The First Program....26 The Programs Code....26 The Interpreter Regime....28 The Server Regime....43 Summary....50 Chapter 2: Variables and Data Types....52 Introduction to Variables....52 Basic Data Types....56 The Arithmetic Operations....59 The Comparison Operations....62 The Logical Operations....64 The Bitwise Operations....66 The Operations with Strings....71 Assigning Values....73 The Ternary Operator....74 Summary....77 Chapter 3: The Control Statements....78 The if Conditional Statement....78 The while Loop Statement....87 The do-while Loop Statement....91 The for Loop Statement....94 The switch Selection Statement....99 The goto Instruction....107 The match Selection Statement....109 Summary....114 Chapter 4: Arrays....116 Getting Familiar with Arrays....117 A Loop over an Array....124 Multidimensional Arrays....132 Array Assignments....136 Concatenating Arrays....140 Comparing Arrays....142 Functions for Handling Arrays....144 Summary....150 Chapter 5: Functions....151 Creating Functions....151 The Function Result....156 The Type of Arguments and Result....161 The Argument Passing Mechanism....165 The Argument Value by Default....169 An Arbitrary Number of Arguments....171 Recursion....180 The eval() Function....183 Anonymous Functions....186 Named Arguments....188 Summary....193 Chapter 6: Useful Tricks and Operations....195 References....195 Constants....201 Global Variables....203 Static Variables....206 Multiline Strings....208 Using Files....211 Including a File in the Program....218 Summary....220 Chapter 7: Classes and Objects....222 The OOP Principles....222 Creating Classes and Objects....225 The Methods....230 The Constructor and the Destructor....234 Static Fields and Methods....238 Copying Objects....240 Private Fields and Methods....243 Special Methods....246 Defining Fields in the Constructor....258 Summary....262 Chapter 8: Inheritance....265 Creating a Child Class....265 Overriding Methods....270 Constructors and Inheritance....275 Inheritance and Private Members....279 Protected Members of a Class....281 Virtual Methods....283 A Function as a Field Value....285 Multilevel Inheritance....288 Summary....293 Chapter 9: Advanced OOP Mechanisms....295 Abstract Classes....295 Interfaces....300 Interface Inheritance....303 Class Inheritance and Interface Implementation....305 Traits....307 Object Type Control....310 A Namespace....314 Anonymous Classes....320 Summary....322 Chapter 10: Error Handling....325 Exception Handling Principles....325 Exception Classes....329 Throwing Exceptions....332 The Custom Exceptions....336 Handling Exceptions of Different Classes....340 Nested try-catch Constructions and the finally Block....346 Rethrowing an Exception....350 The Functions for Handling Errors....352 Summary....355 Chapter 11: Generators and Iterators....356 Getting Familiar with Generators....356 A Generator Function with Arguments....360 An Array Based on a Generator....362 The Generator Result....364 Using Generators....367 Passing a Value to a Generator....372 Iterators....374 Summary....380 Chapter 12: Using PHP....382 A Script in an HTML Document....382 Handling the Request Parameters....390 Using Buttons....394 Using Several Buttons....402 Using Lists and Checkboxes....407 A Slider and Radio Buttons....415 Summary....423 Chapter 13: Afterword: What Was and What Will Be....425 Index....427