Mathematica beyond mathematics: the Wolfram language in the real world

Front Matter....1 Half Title....1 Title Page....3 Copyright Page....4 Contents....5 Preface....9 1 Getting Started....-1 1. Getting Started....13 1.1 Mathematica, an Integrated Technical Computing System....13 1.2 First Steps....16 1.3 The Help System....23 1.4 Basic Ideas....25 1.5 Computational Capabilities....40 1.6 Utilities....46 1.7 Editing Notebooks....50 1.8 Sharing Notebooks....54 1.9 The Wolfram Cloud....55 1.10 Additional Resources....56 2 Data Analysis and Manipulation....-1 2. Data Analysis and Manipulation....57 2.1 Lists....57 2.2 Importing/Exporting....60 2.3 Descriptive Statistics....69 2.4 Application: Analysis of the Evolution of Two Cell Populations....73 2.5 Application: Global Energy Consumption Analysis....74 2.6 Database Access with Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)....81 2.7 Additional Resources....86 3 Programming The Beauty and Power of the Wolfram Language....-1 3. Programming: The Beauty and Power of the Wolfram Language....87 3.1 Mathematica’s Programming Language: The Wolfram Language....87 3.2 Functional vs. Procedural Programming....89 3.3 Set vs. SetDelayed....91 3.4 Matrices and Lists Operations....93 3.5 How Mathematica Works Internally....96 3.6 Apply, Map and Other Related Functions....98 3.7 Iterative Functions....101 3.8 Pure Functions....101 3.9 Global and Local Variables....105 3.10 Conditional Expressions....107 3.11 Accuracy and Precision....112 3.12 Choosing the Method of Computation....115 3.13 Optimizing the Computation Time....117 3.14 Cloud Deployment....119 3.15 Package Development....120 3.16 Advanced Programming Tools....125 3.17 Additional Resources....126 4 Interactive Applications Image Processing and More....-1 4. Interactive Applications, Image Processing, and More....127 4.1 Manipulate....127 4.2 Creating Demonstrations....137 4.3 Image Processing....143 4.4 Graphs and Networks....153 4.5 Mazes....156 4.6 Application: Finding the Period of a Pendulum....157 4.7 Advanced Calculus....160 4.8 Additional Resources....164 5 Accessing Scientific and Technical Information....-1 5. Accessing Scientific and Technical Information....165 5.1 Computable Data: Doing Computations with Data from Different Fields....165 5.2 Astronomy....171 5.3 Nuclear and Particle Physics....172 5.4 Engineering....173 5.5 Chemical and Physical Properties of Elements and Compounds....174 5.6 Genomics and Proteomics....178 5.7 Meteorology....181 5.8 Combining Data and Graphics....184 5.9 Geodata....185 5.10 Some Recommendations....194 5.11 Additional Resources....194 6 Probability and Statistics....-1 6. Probability and Statistics....195 6.1 The Latest Features....195 6.2 Statistics Data....196 6.3 Probability Distributions....199 6.4 Application: Fitting Experimental Data....219 6.5 Time Series Analysis....222 6.6 Cluster Analysis....224 6.7 Stochastic Processes....232 6.8 Reliability and Survival Analysis....232 6.9 R Integration with Rlink....234 6.10 Application: Predicting Outputs Using Machine Learning Methods....234 6.11 Application: Development of a Package for Quality Control....235 6.12 Additional Resources....240 7 Calculating and Other Mathematical Tales....-1 7. Calculating π and Other Mathematical Tales....241 7.1 The Origins of π....241 7.2 Archimedes’ Approximation....242 7.3 π with More Than One Billion Decimals....246 7.4 Buffon’s Method....250 7.5 Application: Are the Decimal Digits of π Random?....252 7.6 The Strange Connection....256 7.7 The Riemann Hypothesis....258 7.8 Additional Resources....264 8 Looking at the Sky....-1 8. Looking at the Sky....265 8.1 A Short Astronomical Walk....265 8.2 Stargazing....268 8.3 Application: Determining the Color of the Stars....285 8.4 The Measurement of Distances Across the Universe....288 8.5 Application: Binary Systems and the Search for Extrasolar Planets....292 8.6 Light Curves....295 8.7 Additional Resources....304 9 Nuclei and Radiations....-1 9. Nuclei and Radiations....305 9.1 What are Isotopes?....305 9.2 Decay Constants, Decay Periods and Half-Lives....307 9.3 Decay Chains....311 9.4 Application: Modeling the Evolution of a Chain of Isotopes Over Time....315 9.5 Application: Dating the History of Humankind....318 9.6 Application: Calculating Binding Energies....323 9.7 Additional Resources....328 10 Modeling Applications in Biokinetics....-1 10. Modeling: Applications in Biokinetics....329 10.1 Compartmental and Physiological Modeling....329 10.2 Application: Fitting a Model....345 10.3 Optimal Experimental Designs (OED)....349 10.4 Biokmod: Applications to ICRP Models....354 10.5 Radiation Attenuation....364 10.6 Additional Resources....365 11 Economic and Financial Applications....-1 11. Economic and Financial Applications....367 11.1 Financial Information....367 11.2 Financial Functions....374 11.3 Optimization....385 11.4 The Shortest Path Problem....399 11.5 Optimum Flows....404 11.6 Additional Resources....406 12 Faster Further....-1 12. Faster, Further....407 12.1 Parallel Computing....407 12.2 Parallel Programming....408 12.3 Application: The Mandelbrot Set....415 12.4 Application: Comparing Organisms Genetically....420 12.5 Grid Computing with Wolfram Lightweight Grid Manager (WLGM)....423 12.6 Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)....430 12.7 Mathematica for the Web: webMathematica....431 12.8 Software Development with Wolfram Workbench....439 12.9 New Applications and Functionality Integrated in Mathematica....444 12.10 Additional Resources....445