Learning UML 2.0: A Pragmatic Introduction to UML

Learning UML 2.0....1 Table of Contents....3 Copyright....7 Preface....9 Chapter 1. Introduction....14 Section 1.1. What's in a Modeling Language?....15 Section 1.2. Why UML 2.0?....24 Section 1.3. Models and Diagrams....27 Section 1.4. ....28 Section 1.5. UML and the Software Development Process....29 Section 1.6. Views of Your Model....30 Section 1.7. A First Taste of UML....32 Section 1.8. Want More Information?....36 Chapter 2. Modeling Requirements: Use Cases....37 Section 2.1. Capturing a System Requirement....39 Section 2.2. Use Case Relationships....49 Section 2.3. Use Case Overview Diagrams....60 Section 2.4. What's Next?....61 Chapter 3. Modeling System Workflows: Activity Diagrams....62 Section 3.1. Activity Diagram Essentials....63 Section 3.2. Activities and Actions....67 Section 3.3. Decisions and Merges....69 Section 3.4. Doing Multiple Tasks at the Same Time....72 Section 3.5. Time Events....75 Section 3.6. Calling Other Activities....76 Section 3.7. Objects....78 Section 3.8. Sending and Receiving Signals....81 Section 3.9. Starting an Activity....83 Section 3.10. Ending Activities and Flows....84 Section 3.11. Partitions (or Swimlanes)....87 Section 3.12. Managing Complex Activity Diagrams....90 Section 3.13. What's Next?....92 Chapter 4. Modeling a System's Logical Structure: Introducing Classes and Class Diagrams....93 Section 4.1. What Is a Class?....94 Section 4.2. Getting Started with Classes in UML....99 Section 4.3. Visibility....100 Section 4.4. Class State: Attributes....106 Section 4.5. Class Behavior: Operations....112 Section 4.6. Static Parts of Your Classes....115 Section 4.7. What's Next....120 Chapter 5. Modeling a System's Logical Structure: Advanced Class Diagrams....121 Section 5.1. Class Relationships....122 Section 5.2. Constraints....131 Section 5.3. Abstract Classes....133 Section 5.4. Interfaces....137 Section 5.5. Templates....141 Section 5.6. What's Next....143 Chapter 6. Bringing Your Classes to Life: Object Diagrams....144 Section 6.1. Object Instances....145 Section 6.2. Links....147 Section 6.3. Binding Class Templates....151 Section 6.4. What's Next?....154 Chapter 7. Modeling Ordered Interactions: Sequence Diagrams....155 Section 7.1. Participants in a Sequence Diagram....157 Section 7.2. Time....159 Section 7.3. Events, Signals, and Messages....160 Section 7.4. Activation Bars....163 Section 7.5. Nested Messages....164 Section 7.6. Message Arrows....165 Section 7.7. Bringing a Use Case to Life with a Sequence Diagram....172 Section 7.8. Managing Complex Interactions with Sequence Fragments....179 Section 7.9. What's Next?....184 Chapter 8. Focusing on Interaction Links: Communication Diagrams....185 Section 8.1. Participants, Links, and Messages....186 Section 8.2. Fleshing out an Interaction with a Communication Diagram....191 Section 8.3. Communication Diagrams Versus Sequence Diagrams....197 Section 8.4. What's Next?....201 Chapter 9. Focusing on Interaction Timing: Timing Diagrams....202 Section 9.1. What Do Timing Diagrams Look Like?....203 Section 9.2. Building a Timing Diagram from a Sequence Diagram....205 Section 9.3. Applying Participants to a Timing Diagram....207 Section 9.4. States....209 Section 9.5. Time....211 Section 9.6. A Participant's State-Line....214 Section 9.7. Events and Messages....217 Section 9.8. Timing Constraints....218 Section 9.9. Organizing Participants on a Timing Diagram....223 Section 9.10. An Alternate Notation....226 Section 9.11. What's Next?....230 Chapter 10. Completing the Interaction Picture: Interaction Overview Diagrams....231 Section 10.1. The Parts of an Interaction Overview Diagram....232 Section 10.2. Modeling a Use Case Using an Interaction Overview....235 Section 10.3. What's Next?....243 Chapter 11. Modeling a Class's Internal Structure: Composite Structures....246 Section 11.1. Internal Structure....247 Section 11.2. Showing How a Class Is Used....256 Section 11.3. Showing Patterns with Collaborations....258 Section 11.4. What's Next?....262 Chapter 12. Managing and Reusing Your System's Parts: Component Diagrams....263 Section 12.1. What Is a Component?....264 Section 12.2. A Basic Component in UML....265 Section 12.3. Provided and Required Interfaces of a Component....266 Section 12.4. Showing Components Working Together....269 Section 12.5. Classes That Realize a Component....272 Section 12.6. Ports and Internal Structure....274 Section 12.7. Black-Box and White-Box Component Views....278 Section 12.8. What's Next?....279 Chapter 13. Organizing Your Model: Packages....280 Section 13.1. Packages....282 Section 13.2. Namespaces and Classes Referring to Each Other....286 Section 13.3. Element Visibility....288 Section 13.4. Package Dependency....289 Section 13.5. Importing and Accessing Packages....291 Section 13.6. Managing Package Dependencies....295 Section 13.7. Using Packages to Organize Use Cases....297 Section 13.8. What's Next?....299 Chapter 14. Modeling an Object's State: State Machine Diagrams....300 Section 14.1. Essentials....302 Section 14.2. States....304 Section 14.3. Transitions....305 Section 14.4. States in Software....309 Section 14.5. Advanced State Behavior....311 Section 14.6. Composite States....313 Section 14.7. Advanced Pseudostates....315 Section 14.8. Signals....317 Section 14.9. Protocol State Machines....318 Section 14.10. What's Next?....319 Chapter 15. Modeling Your Deployed System: Deployment Diagrams....320 Section 15.1. Deploying a Simple System....321 Section 15.2. Deployed Software: Artifacts....323 Section 15.3. What Is a Node?....327 Section 15.4. Hardware and Execution Environment Nodes....328 Section 15.5. Communication Between Nodes....331 Section 15.6. Deployment Specifications....333 Section 15.7. When to Use a Deployment Diagram....335 Section 15.8. What's Next?....337 Appendix A. Object Constraint Language....338 Section A.1. Building OCL Expressions....340 Section A.2. Types....342 Section A.3. Operators....343 Section A.4. Pulling It Together....344 Section A.5. Context....346 Section A.6. Types of Constraints....348 Section A.7. OCL Automation....350 Appendix B. Adapting UML: Profiles....351 Section B.1. What Is a Profile?....352 Section B.2. Stereotypes....353 Section B.3. Tagged Values....355 Section B.4. Constraints....357 Section B.5. Creating a Profile....358 Section B.6. Working with the Meta-Model....360 Section B.7. Using a Profile....361 Section B.8. Why Bother with Profiles?....363 Appendix C. A History of UML....364 Section C.1. Take One Part OOAD.......365 Section C.2. ...with a Sprinkling of OOSE.......366 Section C.3. ...Add a Dash of OMT.......368 Section C.4. ...and Bake for 10 to 15 Years....369 About the Authors....372 Colophon....373 Index....374 SYMBOL....375 A....376 B....379 C....380 D....383 E....386 F....387 G....388 H....389 I....390 J....391 K....392 L....393 M....394 N....395 O....396 P....397 R....400 S....401 T....404 U....406 V....408 W....409