Idiomatic Rust: Code like a Rustacean

Rust Advanced Techniques....1 brief contents....7 contents....8 preface....13 acknowledgments....14 about this book....16 How is this book different?....16 Who should read this book?....17 How this book is organized....17 How to read this book....17 About the code....18 liveBook discussion forum....19 about the author....20 about the cover illustration....21 Part 1—Building blocks....23 1 Rust-y patterns....25 1.1 What this book covers....26 1.2 What design patterns are....27 1.3 Why this book is different....30 1.4 Tools you’ll need....31 Summary....31 2 Rust’s basic building blocks....32 2.1 Generics....33 2.1.1 A Turing-complete type system....33 2.1.2 Why generics?....34 2.1.3 Basics of generics....34 2.1.4 Exploring Rust’s Option....37 2.1.5 Marker structs and phantom types....37 2.1.6 Generic parameter trait bounds....40 2.2 Traits....40 2.2.1 Why traits are not object-oriented programming....41 2.2.2 What’s in a trait?....41 2.2.3 Understanding traits by examining object-oriented code....43 2.2.4 Combining generics and traits....46 2.2.5 Deriving traits automatically....50 2.2.6 Trait objects....51 Summary....54 3 Code flow....56 3.1 A tour of pattern matching....57 3.1.1 Basics of pattern matching....57 3.1.2 Clean matches with the ? operator....62 3.2 Functional Rust....65 3.2.1 Basics of functional programming in Rust....65 3.2.2 Closure variable capture....67 3.2.3 Examining iterators....68 3.2.4 Obtaining an iterator with iter(), into_iter(), and iter_mut()....72 3.2.5 Iterator features....80 Summary....83 Part 2—Core patterns....85 4 Introductory patterns....87 4.1 Resource acquisition is initialization....88 4.1.1 Understanding RAII in C and C++....88 4.1.2 A tour of RAII in Rust....92 4.1.3 Summarizing RAII in Rust....94 4.2 Passing arguments by value vs. reference....96 4.2.1 Passing by value....96 4.2.2 Passing by reference....97 4.2.3 When to do what: Passing by value vs. reference....99 4.3 Constructors....100 4.4 Object-member visibility and access....102 4.5 Error handling....104 4.6 Global state....107 4.6.1 lazy-static.rs....109 4.6.2 once_cell....110 4.6.3 static_init....111 4.6.4 std::cell::OnceCell....111 Summary....112 5 Design patterns: Beyond the basics....113 5.1 Metaprogramming with macros....114 5.1.1 A basic declarative macro in Rust....115 5.1.2 When to use macros....116 5.1.3 Using macros to write mini-DSLs....121 5.1.4 Using macros for DRY....122 5.2 Optional function arguments....125 5.2.1 Examining optional arguments in Python....125 5.2.2 Examining optional arguments in C++....126 5.2.3 Optional arguments in Rust or the lack thereof....126 5.2.4 Emulating optional arguments with traits....126 5.3 Builder pattern....129 5.3.1 Implementing the builder pattern....129 5.3.2 Enhancing our builder with traits....131 5.3.3 Enhancing our builder with macros....132 5.4 Fluent interface pattern....135 5.4.1 A fluent builder....136 5.4.2 Test-driving our fluent builder....139 5.5 Observer pattern....139 5.5.1 Why not callbacks?....139 5.5.2 Implementing an observer....140 5.6 Command pattern....143 5.6.1 Defining the command pattern....143 5.6.2 Implementing the command pattern....143 5.7 Newtype pattern....146 Summary....149 6 Designing a library....150 6.1 Meditate on good library design....151 6.2 Do one thing, do it well, and do it correctly....151 6.3 Avoid excessive abstraction....152 6.4 Stick to basic types....152 6.5 Use the tools....153 6.6 Good artists copy; great artists steal (from the standard library)....154 6.7 Document everything, and provide examples....154 6.8 Don’t break the user’s code....154 6.9 Think of the state....155 6.10 Consider the aesthetics....156 6.11 Examining Rust library ergonomics....156 6.11.1 Revisiting linked lists....156 6.11.2 Using rustdoc to improve our API design....157 6.11.3 Improving our linked list with more tests....165 6.11.4 Making our library easier for others to debug....167 Summary....169 Part 3—Advanced patterns....171 7 Using traits, generics, and structs for specialized tasks....173 7.1 Const generics....174 7.2 Implementing traits for external crate types....176 7.2.1 Wrapper structs....176 7.2.2 Using Deref to unwrap a wrapped struct....176 7.3 Extension traits....177 7.4 Blanket traits....179 7.5 Marker traits....181 7.6 Struct tagging....183 7.7 Reference objects....185 Summary....190 8 State machines, coroutines, macros, and preludes....191 8.1 Trait state machine....192 8.2 Coroutines....195 8.3 Procedural macros....200 8.4 Preludes....204 Summary....207 Part 4—Problem avoidance....209 9 Immutability....211 9.1 The benefits of immutability....212 9.2 Why immutability is not a magic bullet....214 9.3 How to think about immutable data....214 9.4 Understanding immutability in Rust....215 9.5 Reviewing the basics of immutability in Rust....216 9.6 Using traits to make (almost) anything immutable....219 9.7 Using Cow for immutability....220 9.8 Using crates for immutable data structures....223 9.8.1 Using im....223 9.8.2 Using rpds....224 Summary....225 10 Antipatterns....227 10.1 What is an antipattern?....228 10.2 Using unsafe....229 10.2.1 What does unsafe do?....230 10.2.2 Where can you use unsafe?....231 10.2.3 When should you use unsafe?....233 10.2.4 Should you worry about unsafe?....233 10.3 Using unwrap()....234 10.4 Not using Vec....234 10.5 Too many clones....238 10.6 Using Deref to emulate polymorphism....239 10.7 Global data and singletons....243 10.8 Too many smart pointers....243 10.9 Where to go from here....245 Summary....245 appendix—Installing Rust....247 A.1 Installing tools for this book....247 A.1.1 Installing tools for macOS using Homebrew....247 A.1.2 Installing tools for Linux systems....247 A.1.3 Installing tools for Windows....248 A.2 Managing rustc and other Rust components with rustup....248 A.2.1 Installing rustc and other components....248 A.2.2 Switching default toolchains with rustup....248 A.2.3 Updating Rust components....249 index....251 Symbols....251 A....251 B....251 C....251 D....252 E....252 F....252 G....253 H....253 I....253 J....253 K....253 L....253 M....253 N....254 O....254 P....254 Q....254 R....254 S....255 T....255 U....255 V....255 W....256 Y....256 Z....256