Essential TypeScript 5. 3 Ed

Essential TypeScript 5, Third Edition....1 dedication....6 brief contents....7 contents....9 preface....21 about this book....22 Who should read this book....22 How this book is organized: a roadmap....22 About the code....23 liveBook discussion forum....23 about the author....24 about the cover illustration....25 1 Understanding TypeScript....26 1.1	Should you use TypeScript?....26 1.1.1 Understanding the TypeScript developer productivity features....27 1.1.2	Understanding the JavaScript version features....28 1.2	What do you need to know?....28 1.3	How do you set up your development environment?....29 1.4	What Is the structure of this book?....29 1.5	Are there lots of examples? ....29 1.6	Where can you get the example code?....31 1.7	What if you have problems following the examples?....31 1.7.1	What if you find an error in the book?....31 1.8	How do you contact the author?....32 1.9	What if you really enjoyed this book?....32 1.10	What if this book has made you angry?....33 Summary....33 Part 1....34 2 Your first TypeScript application....35 2.1	Getting ready for this book....36 2.1.1	Step 1: Install Node.js....36 2.1.2	Step 2: Install Git....36 2.1.3	Step 3: Install TypeScript....36 2.1.4	Step 4: Install a programmer’s editor....37 2.2	Creating the project ....38 2.2.1	Initializing the project ....38 2.2.2	Creating the compiler configuration file....38 2.2.3	Adding a TypeScript code file....39 2.2.4	Compiling and executing the code....39 2.2.5	Defining the data model ....40 2.2.6	Adding features to the collection class ....45 2.3	Using a third-party package....51 2.3.1	Preparing for the third-party package ....52 2.3.2	Installing and using the third-party package ....53 2.3.3	Adding type declarations for the JavaScript package....55 2.4	Adding commands....57 2.4.1	Filtering items ....57 2.4.2	Adding tasks....59 2.4.3	Marking tasks complete....60 2.5	Persistently storing data ....63 Summary....66 3 JavaScript primer, part 1....67 3.1	Preparing for this chapter....67 3.2	Getting confused by JavaScript....69 3.3	Understanding JavaScript types ....70 3.3.1	Working with primitive data types ....70 3.3.2	Understanding type coercion....72 3.3.3	Working with functions....76 3.4	Working with arrays....81 3.4.1	Using the spread operator on arrays....82 3.4.2	Destructuring arrays....83 3.5	Working with objects ....85 3.5.1	Adding, changing, and deleting object properties ....85 3.5.2	Using the spread and rest operators on objects....87 3.5.3	Defining getters and setters....89 3.5.4	Defining methods ....91 3.6	Understanding the this keyword....92 3.6.1	Understanding the this keyword in stand-alone functions....93 3.6.2	Understanding this in methods....94 3.6.3	Changing the behavior of the this keyword....95 3.6.4	Understanding this in arrow functions ....96 3.6.5	Returning to the original problem ....97 Summary....98 4 JavaScript primer, part 2....100 4.1	Preparing for this chapter....100 4.2	Understanding JavaScript object inheritance....101 4.2.1	Inspecting and modifying an object’s prototype ....102 4.2.2	Creating custom prototypes ....104 4.2.3	Using constructor functions....105 4.2.4	Chaining constructor functions ....106 4.2.5	Checking prototype types....108 4.2.6	Defining static properties and methods....109 4.2.7	Using JavaScript classes....110 4.3	Using iterators and generators....114 4.3.1	Using a generator ....115 4.3.2	Defining iterable objects....116 4.4	Using JavaScript collections ....119 4.4.1	Storing data by key using an object....119 4.4.2	Storing data by key using a map....120 4.4.3	Using symbols for map keys....121 4.4.4	Storing data by index....122 4.5	Using modules....123 4.5.1	Declaring the module type ....124 4.5.2	Creating a JavaScript module ....124 4.5.3	Using a JavaScript module ....125 4.5.4	Exporting named features from a module....126 4.5.5	Defining multiple named features in a module ....127 Summary....129 5 Using the TypeScript compiler....130 5.1 Preparing for this chapter....130 5.2	Understanding the project structure ....132 5.3	Using the Node Package Manager....133 5.4	Understanding the compiler configuration file ....136 5.5	Compiling TypeScript code ....138 5.5.1	Understanding compiler errors....139 5.5.2	Using watch mode and executing the compiled code ....140 5.6 Using the version targeting feature ....142 5.7	Setting the library files for compilation ....145 5.8	Selecting a module format....147 5.8.1	Specifying a module format ....150 5.9	Useful compiler configuration settings....152 Summary....154 6 Testing and debugging TypeScript....156 6.1	Preparing for this chapter....156 6.2	Debugging TypeScript code....157 6.2.1	Preparing for debugging....157 6.2.2	Using Visual Studio Code for debugging....158 6.2.3	Using the integrated Node.js debugger....160 6.2.4	Using the remote Node.js debugging feature ....160 6.3	Using the TypeScript linter....162 6.3.1	Disabling linting rules....164 6.4	Unit testing TypeScript ....166 6.4.1	Configuring the test framework....167 6.4.2	Creating unit tests....167 6.4.3	Starting the test framework ....169 Summary....170 Part 2....172 7 Understanding static types....173 7.1	Preparing for this chapter....174 7.2	Understanding static types....176 7.2.1	Creating a static type with a type annotation....178 7.2.2	Using implicitly defined static types....179 7.2.3	Using the any type ....182 7.3	Using type unions....185 7.4	Using Type Assertions ....187 7.4.1	Asserting to an unexpected type....188 7.5	Using a type guard....189 7.5.1	Understanding the never type....190 7.6	Using the unknown type....191 7.7	Using nullable types....192 7.7.1	Restricting nullable assignments....194 7.7.2	Removing null from a union with an assertion....195 7.7.3	Removing null from a union with a type guard....196 7.7.4	Using the definite assignment assertion....197 Summary....199 8 Using functions....200 8.1	Preparing for this chapter....201 8.2	Defining functions....202 8.2.1	Redefining functions ....203 8.2.2	Understanding function parameters ....204 8.2.3	Understanding function results....210 8.2.4	Overloading function types....213 8.2.5	Understanding assert functions ....215 Summary....216 9 Using arrays, tuples, and enums....218 9.1	Preparing for this chapter....219 9.2	Working with arrays....220 9.2.1	Using inferred typing for arrays ....222 9.2.2	Avoiding problems with inferred array types....223 9.2.3	Avoiding problems with empty arrays....223 9.3	Working with tuples....225 9.3.1	Processing tuples ....226 9.3.2	Using tuple types ....227 9.3.3	Using tuples with optional elements....228 9.3.4	Defining tuples with rest elements ....229 9.4	Using enums ....230 9.4.1	Understanding how enums work....231 9.4.2	Using string enums....234 9.4.3	Understanding the limitations of enums ....234 9.5	Using literal value types....237 9.5.1	Using literal value types in functions....238 9.5.2	Mixing value types in a literal value type....239 9.5.3	Using overrides with literal value types ....240 9.5.4	Using template literal string types....241 9.6	Using type aliases....242 Summary....243 10 Working with objects....244 10.1	Preparing for this chapter....245 10.2	Working with objects ....246 10.2.1	Using object shape type annotations ....247 10.2.2	Understanding how shape types fit....248 10.2.3	Using type aliases for shape types ....251 10.2.4	Using shape type unions ....252 10.2.5	Understanding union property types....253 10.2.6	Using type guards for objects....254 10.3	Using type intersections....259 10.3.1	Using intersections for data correlation ....260 10.3.2	Understanding intersection merging....262 Summary....269 11 Working with classes and interfaces....270 11.1	Preparing for this chapter....271 11.2	Using constructor functions....273 11.3	Using classes....275 11.3.1	Using the access control keywords ....277 11.3.2	Using JavaScript private fields ....279 11.3.3	Defining read-only properties ....280 11.3.4	Simplifying class constructors ....281 11.3.5	Defining Accessors ....282 11.3.6	Using auto-accessors ....287 11.3.7	Using class inheritance....288 11.3.8	Using an abstract class....291 11.4	Using interfaces....295 11.4.1	Implementing multiple interfaces....297 11.4.2	Extending interfaces....298 11.4.3	Defining optional interface properties and methods....299 11.4.4	Defining an abstract interface implementation ....301 11.4.5	Type guarding an interface ....302 11.5	Dynamically creating properties....303 11.5.1	Enabling index value checking ....305 Summary....307 12 Using generic types....309 12.1	Preparing for this chapter....310 12.2	Understanding the problem solved by generic types....312 12.2.1	Adding support for another type ....313 12.3	Creating generic classes....314 12.3.1	Understanding generic type arguments....316 12.3.2	Using different type arguments ....317 12.3.3	Constraining generic type values....318 12.3.4	Defining multiple type parameters....321 12.3.5	Allowing the compiler to infer type arguments....323 12.3.6	Extending generic classes....324 12.3.7	Type guarding generic types....329 12.3.8	Defining a static method on a generic class ....330 12.4	Defining generic interfaces....333 12.4.1	Extending generic interfaces ....333 12.4.2	Implementing a generic interface....334 Summary....337 13 Advanced generic types....338 13.1	Preparing for this chapter....339 13.2	Using generic collections ....340 13.3	Using generic iterators....342 13.3.1	Combining an iterable and an iterator....344 13.3.2	Creating an iterable class....345 13.4	Using index types....346 13.4.1	Using the index type query ....346 13.4.2 Explicitly providing generic type parameters for index types....347 13.4.3	Using the indexed access operator....348 13.4.4	Using an index type for the collection class....350 13.5	Using type mapping....352 13.5.1	Changing mapping names and types....353 13.5.2	Using a generic type parameter with a mapped type ....354 13.5.3	Changing property optionality and mutability ....355 13.5.4	Using the basic built-in mappings....356 13.5.5	Combining transformations in a single mapping....358 13.5.6	Creating types with a type mapping....358 13.6	Using conditional types....359 13.6.1	Nesting conditional types ....360 13.6.2	Using conditional types in generic classes....361 13.6.3	Using conditional types with type unions....363 13.6.4	Using conditional types in type mappings....364 13.6.5	Identifying properties of a specific type ....365 13.6.6	Inferring additional types in conditions ....366 Summary....370 14 Using decorators....371 14.1	Preparing for this chapter....372 14.2	Understanding decorators ....374 14.2.1	Using decorator context data ....377 14.2.2	Using specific types in a decorator ....380 14.3	Using the other decorator types....382 14.3.1	Creating a class decorator ....382 14.3.2	Creating a field decorator ....385 14.3.3	Creating an accessor decorator ....387 14.3.4	Creating an auto-accessor decorator ....390 14.4	Passing an additional argument to a decorator ....393 14.5	Applying multiple decorators....397 14.6	Using an initializer....399 14.7	Accumulating state data....401 Summary....403 15 Working with JavaScript....404 15.1	Preparing for this chapter....405 15.1.1	Adding TypeScript code to the example project ....407 15.2	Working with JavaScript ....409 15.2.1	Including JavaScript in the compilation process....410 15.2.2	Type-checking JavaScript code....411 15.3	Describing types used in JavaScript code....412 15.3.1	Using comments to describe types ....413 15.3.2	Using type declaration files....415 15.3.3	Describing third-party JavaScript code....417 15.3.4	Using Definitely Typed declaration files ....420 15.3.5	Using packages that include type declarations ....422 15.4	Generating declaration files ....424 Summary....427 Part 3....428 16 Creating a stand-alone web app, part 1....429 16.1	Preparing for this chapter....430 16.2	Creating the toolchain ....431 16.3	Adding a bundler....432 16.4	Adding a development web server ....434 16.5	Creating the data model ....437 16.5.1	Creating the data source....439 16.6	Rendering HTML content using the DOM API....441 16.6.1	Adding support for Bootstrap CSS styles....442 16.7	Using JSX to create HTML content ....445 16.7.1	Understanding the JSX workflow....446 16.7.2	Configuring the compiler and the loader....448 16.7.3	Creating the factory function ....449 16.7.4	Using the JSX class....450 16.7.5	Importing the factory function in the JSX class ....451 16.8	Adding features to the application ....452 16.8.1	Displaying a filtered list of products....452 16.8.2	Displaying content and handling updates....455 Summary....458 17 Creating a stand-alone web app, part 2....459 17.1	Preparing for this chapter....460 17.2	Adding a web service....462 17.2.1	Incorporating the data source into the application ....464 17.3	Completing the application ....465 17.3.1	Adding a header class....465 17.3.2	Adding an order details class ....466 17.3.3	Adding a confirmation class ....467 17.3.4	Completing the application....468 17.4	Deploying the application ....471 17.4.1	Adding the production HTTP server package....471 17.4.2	Creating the persistent data file....472 17.4.3	Creating the server ....472 17.4.4	Using relative URLs for data requests ....473 17.4.5	Building the application ....474 17.4.6	Testing the production build....475 17.5	Containerizing the application ....476 17.5.1	Installing Docker....476 17.5.2	Preparing the application ....476 17.5.3	Creating the Docker container....477 17.5.4	Running the application ....478 Summary....479 18 Creating an Angular app, part 1....480 18.1	Preparing for this chapter....482 18.1.1	Configuring the web service....482 18.1.2	Configuring the Bootstrap CSS package ....484 18.1.3	Starting the example application ....484 18.2	Understanding TypeScript in Angular development....485 18.2.1	Understanding the TypeScript compiler configuration ....486 18.3	Creating the data model ....487 18.3.1	Creating the Data Source ....489 18.3.2	Creating the data source implementation class ....491 18.3.3	Configuring the data source ....492 18.4	Displaying a filtered list of products....493 18.4.1	Displaying the category buttons....495 18.4.2	Creating the header display ....497 18.4.3	Combining the components ....497 18.5	Configuring the application....499 Summary....501 19 Creating an Angular app, part 2....502 19.1	Preparing for this chapter....503 19.2	Completing the example application features....504 19.2.1	Adding the summary component ....506 19.2.2	Creating the routing configuration ....507 19.3	Deploying the application ....510 19.3.1	Adding the production HTTP server package....510 19.3.2	Creating the persistent data file....510 19.3.3	Creating the server ....511 19.3.4	Using relative URLs for data requests ....511 19.3.5	Building the application ....512 19.3.6	Testing the production build....513 19.4	Containerizing the application ....514 19.4.1	Preparing the application ....514 19.4.2	Creating the Docker container....514 19.4.3	Running the application ....515 Summary....517 20 Creating a React app....518 20.1	Preparing for this chapter....519 20.1.1	Configuring the web service....520 20.1.2	Installing the Bootstrap CSS package ....521 20.1.3	Starting the example application ....522 20.2	Understanding TypeScript in React development ....523 20.3	Defining the entity types....525 20.4	Displaying a filtered list of products....527 20.4.1	Using a functional component and hooks....529 20.4.2	Displaying a list of categories and the header....530 20.4.3 Composing and testing the components ....532 20.5	Creating the data store....534 20.5.1	Implementing the HTTP API clients....537 Summary....541 21 Creating a React app, part 2....542 21.1	Preparing for this chapter....543 21.2	Configuring URL routing....544 21.3	Completing the example application features....547 21.3.1	Adding the confirmation component ....549 21.3.2	Consuming the orders web service....549 21.3.3	Completing the application....551 21.4	Deploying the application ....554 21.4.1	Adding the production HTTP server package....554 21.4.2	Creating the persistent data file....555 21.4.3	Creating the server ....555 21.4.4	Using relative URLs for data requests ....556 21.4.5	Building the application ....557 21.4.6	Testing the production build....557 21.5	Containerizing the application ....558 21.5.1	Preparing the application ....558 21.5.2	Creating the Docker container....559 21.5.3	Running the application ....560 Summary....561 index....562