Effective Concurrency in Go: Develop, analyze, and troubleshoot high performance concurrent applications with ease

 Cover....1 Title Page....2 Copyright and Credit....3 Dedicated....4 Contributors....5 Table of Contents....8 Preface....12 Chapter 1: Concurrency – A High-Level Overview....18 Technical Requirements....18 Concurrency and parallelism....18 Shared memory versus message passing....25 Atomicity, race, deadlocks, and starvation....28 Summary....38 Question....38 Further reading....38 Chapter 2: Go Concurrency Primitives....40 Technical Requirements....40 Goroutines....40 Channels....47 Mutex....61 Wait groups....66 Condition variables....69 Summary....73 Questions....73 Chapter 3: The Go Memory Model....74 Why a memory model is necessary....74 The happened-before relationship between memory operations....75 Synchronization characteristics of Go concurrency primitives....78 Package initialization....78 Goroutines....79 Channels....80 Mutexes....82 Atomic memory operations....83 Map, Once, and WaitGroup....83 Summary....85 Further reading....85 Chapter 4: Some Well-Known Concurrency Problems....86 Technical Requirements....86 The producer-consumer problem....86 The dining philosophers problem....90 Rate limiting....96 Summary....102 Chapter 5: Worker Pools and Pipelines....104 Technical Requirements....104 Worker pools....104 Pipelines, fan-out, and fan-in....110 Asynchronous pipeline....113 Fan-out/fan-in....115 Fan-in with ordering....120 Summary....125 Questions....125 Chapter 6: Error Handling....126 Error handling....126 Pipelines....132 Servers....133 Panics....134 Summary....137 Chapter 7: Timers and Tickers....138 Technical Requirements....138 Timers – running something later....138 Tickers – running something periodically....141 Heartbeats....143 Summary....145 Chapter 8: Handling Requests Concurrently....146 Technical Requirements....146 The context, cancelations, and timeouts....147 Backend services....152 Distributing work and collecting results....157 Semaphores – limiting concurrency....160 Streaming data....161 Dealing with multiple streams....171 Summary....176 Chapter 9: Atomic Memory Operations....178 Technical Requirements....178 Memory guarantees....178 Compare and swap....180 Practical uses of atomics....181 Counters....182 Heartbeat and progress meter....182 Cancellations....185 Detecting change....186 Summary....187 Chapter 10: Troubleshooting Concurrency Issues....188 Technical Requirements....188 Reading stack traces....189 Detecting failures and healing....194 Debugging anomalies....201 Summary....203 Further reading....203 Index....204 Other Books You May Enjoy....209