Building Microservices with Node.js: Explore microservices applications and migrate from a monolith architecture to microservices

Cover....1 Title Page....2 Copyright and Credits....3 Contributors....4 Table of Contents....6 Preface....14 Part 1: Understanding Microservices and Node.js....20 Chapter 1: Introducing Microservices....22 Introduction to the microservices and decentralized architecture concepts....23 Microservices architecture....23 Decentralized architecture....25 Service boundaries and loose coupling....27 Service boundaries....27 Loose coupling....28 Independent development and deployment and polyglot architecture....29 Independent development and deployment....30 Polyglot architecture....31 Scalability and resilience and independent data management....32 Scalability and resilience....32 Independent data management....34 APIs and communication and CI....35 APIs and communication....36 CI....37 Summary....38 Quiz time....39 Chapter 2: Exploring the Core Principles of Microservices....40 Overview of the core principles of microservices....41 Understanding the fundamentals and identifying business capabilities....43 Defining service contracts and decentralized decision making....44 Service contracts in microservices....44 Decentralized decision making in microservices....46 Prioritizing autonomy and ownership and designing for resilience....47 Prioritizing autonomy and ownership....47 Designing for resilience....49 Implementing communication strategies and ensuring scalability....50 Implementing communication strategies....51 Ensuring scalability....51 Implementing observability and continuously learning and improving....54 Implementing observability....54 Continuous learning and improving....54 Summary....56 Quiz time....56 Chapter 3: Understanding Node.js Fundamentals: Building Blocks and Key Concepts....58 Asynchronous and non-blocking communication and event-driven architecture....59 Asynchronous and non-blocking communication....59 Event-driven architecture....60 The JavaScript ecosystem and server-side development....61 The JavaScript ecosystem....62 Server-side development with Node.js....63 Command-line applications and scalability and performance....64 Command-line applications....65 Scalability and performance....66 Cross-platform compatibility and community and support....67 Cross-platform compatibility....67 Community and support....68 Microservices and serverless architectures and their integration through APIs....69 What is microservices architecture?....69 What is a serverless architecture?....71 Integration through APIs....72 Integration in microservices and serverless architectures....73 Summary....73 Quiz time....73 Chapter 4: Leveraging the JavaScript and Node.js Ecosystem for Microservices Development....74 Vast package management and developer productivity....75 Vast package management....75 Developer productivity....76 Community support and collaboration, and rapid innovation and updates....78 Community support and collaboration....78 Rapid innovation and updates....79 Versatility and full stack development, and cross-platform compatibility....80 Versatility and full stack development....81 Cross-platform compatibility....82 Integration and interoperability and support for modern web standards....83 Integration and interoperability....83 Support for modern web standards....84 Enterprise adoption and industry maturity and ecosystem growth and innovation....85 Enterprise adoption and industry maturity....85 What is ecosystem growth and innovation?....86 Summary....88 Quiz time....88 Part 2: Building and Integrating Microservices with Node.js....90 Chapter 5: Knowing the Infrastructure of Microservices in Node.js....92 Service discovery and API gateways....93 Service discovery....93 API gateways....94 Load balancing and service orchestration....97 Load balancing....97 Service orchestration....99 Containerization and orchestration and centralized logging and monitoring....101 Containerization and orchestration....101 Centralized logging and monitoring....102 Distributed tracing and event-driven communication....104 Distributed tracing....104 Event-driven communication....105 Database integration and continuous integration and deployment....105 Database integration....105 CI/CD....107 Summary....108 Quiz time....109 Chapter 6: Designing Microservices Architecture in Node.js....110 Things to consider before creating your microservice....110 Communication protocol and design APIs....113 Communication protocol....113 API design....114 Decentralized data management and data consistency....117 Authentication and authorization and error handling and fault tolerance....119 Authentication and authorization....119 Error handling and fault tolerance....120 Monitoring and tracing requests and containerization technologies....121 Monitoring and tracing requests....121 Containerization technologies....123 Summary....125 Quiz time....125 Chapter 7: Integrating Microservices in Node.js Applications....126 Synchronous HTTP/REST communication and asynchronous messaging....126 Synchronous HTTP/REST communication....127 Asynchronous messaging....129 EDA and API gateways....131 EDA....131 API gateways....132 Service mesh and caching....133 Service mesh....133 Caching....135 Distributed tracing and database integration....136 Distributed tracing....136 Database integration....137 Monitoring and observability and error handling and resilience....139 Monitoring and observability....139 Error handling and resilience....141 Summary....143 Quiz time....143 Chapter 8: Debugging Microservices in Node.js....144 Logging and debugging tools....144 Logging in microservices....144 Debugging tools....146 Debugging in containers and error handling....148 Debugging in containers....149 Error handling....150 Unit testing and remote debugging....151 Unit testing....151 Remote debugging....152 Instrumentation and tracing and environment and configuration....154 Instrumentation and tracing....154 Environment and configuration....155 Reproducing and isolating issues and debugging tools and libraries....156 Reproduce and isolate issues....156 Debugging tools and libraries....157 Summary....159 Quiz time....159 Part 3: Data Management in Microservices Using Node.js....160 Chapter 9: Database Manipulation in Microservices with Node.js....162 Choosing the right database and database connections....163 Choosing the right database....163 Database connections in microservices....165 Data models and schemas and CRUD operations....166 Data models and schemas....166 CRUD operations....167 Transactions and data validation....168 Transactions in microservices....168 Data validation and sanitization....170 Error handling and optimizations....172 Error handling in microservices....172 Optimizations in microservices....174 Testing....175 Summary....177 Quiz time....178 Chapter 10: API Communication and Data Contracts in Microservices....180 Defining API contracts and RESTful API design....180 Defining API contracts....181 RESTful API design....181 REST API libraries and API versioning....183 REST API libraries....184 API versioning....185 Authentication and authorization and data validation....187 Authentication and authorization....187 Data validation....189 Error handling and API documentation....191 Error handling....191 API documentation....193 API testing and API gateway....194 API testing....194 API gateway....196 Summary....198 Quiz time....199 Chapter 11: Caching and Asynchronous Messaging in Microservices....200 Client-side caching and edge caching....201 Client-side caching....201 Edge caching....202 Microservice-level caching and database query caching....203 Microservice-level caching....203 Database query caching....204 Message queues and publish-subscribe....205 Message queues....205 Publish-subscribe (Pub/Sub)....207 Event-driven architecture....209 Summary....210 Quiz time....211 Chapter 12: Ensuring Data Security with the Saga Pattern, Encryption, and Security Measures....212 Compensating actions and Saga orchestration....213 Compensating actions....213 Saga orchestration....214 Event-driven communication and Sagas with state....221 Event-driven communication....221 Sagas with state....223 Transport layer security (TLS) and data encryption at rest....224 TLS....224 Data encryption at rest....226 Encryption algorithms and key management....227 Encryption algorithms....227 Key management....229 Authentication, authorization, input validation, secure coding practices, and API rate limiting....231 Authentication....231 Authorization....232 Input validation....233 Secure coding practices....233 API rate limiting....233 Summary....234 Quiz time....235 Part 4: Monitoring and Logging in Microservices with Node.js....236 Chapter 13: Monitoring Microservices in Node.js....238 Structured logging and log levels....239 Contextual information and centralized log management....241 Contextual information in logs....242 Centralized log management....243 Application-level metrics, distributed tracing, and health checks....244 Application-level metrics....244 Distributed tracing....245 Health checks....245 Threshold-based alerts and anomaly detection....246 Threshold-based alerts....246 Anomaly detection....247 Request tracing, request context propagation, and logging frameworks....248 Request tracing....249 Request context propagation....249 Logging frameworks....250 Summary....251 Quiz time....252 Chapter 14: Logging in Microservices with Node.js....254 Choosing a logging framework and defining log levels....255 Choosing a logging library....255 Log levels....258 Structured logging, log transport, and storage....258 Structured logging....258 Log transport and storage....260 Log filtering, sampling, error handling, and exception logging....261 Context propagation, monitoring, and analyzing logs....263 Context propagation....264 Monitoring....264 Log analysis....265 Summary....265 Quiz time....266 Chapter 15: Interpreting Monitoring Data in Microservices....268 Metrics analysis....269 Log analysis....272 Alerting and thresholds....276 Visualization and dashboards....281 Correlation and context....287 Summary....289 Quiz time....291 Chapter 16: Analyzing Log Data in Microservices with Node.js....292 Log levels and severities....293 Request tracing, contextual information, and event sequencing and order....295 Request tracing....295 Contextual information....296 Event sequencing and order....296 Advantages and considerations of request tracing, contextual information, and event sequencing and order....297 Log format, structured logging, and log filtering and search....297 Log format....298 Structured logging....298 Log filtering and search....298 Advantages and considerations of log format, structured logging, and log filtering and search....299 Log aggregation, centralized log management, visualization, and log analysis tools....300 Log aggregation....300 Centralized log management....300 Visualization....301 Log analysis tools....301 Advantages and considerations of log aggregation, centralized log management, visualization, and log analysis tools....301 Correlation of log data with metrics and monitoring data....302 Summary....304 Quiz time....304 Final words....305 Index....306 About Packt....320 Other Books You May Enjoy....321