Beginning XML. 4 Ed

Beginning XML, 4th Edition....1 About the Authors....8 Credits....9 Acknowledgments....11 Contents....13 Introduction....29 Part I - Introduction....39 Chapter 1: What Is XML?....41 Of Data....-1 Binary Files....42 Text Files....43 A Brief History of Markup....44 So What Is XML?....45 What Does XML Buy Us?....48 HTML and XML: Apples and Red Delicious Apples....51 Hierarchies of Information....52 What’s a Document Type?....55 No....-1 Origin of the XML Standards....56 What Is the World Wide Web Consortium?....56 Components of XML....57 Where XML Can Be Used....-1 Reducing Server Load....58 Website Content....58 Distributed Computing....59 e-Commerce....59 Summary....60 Exercise Questions....60 Question 1....60 Question 2....60 Chapter 2: Well-Formed XML....61 Parsing XML....62 Tags and Text and Elements....-1 Rules for Elements....69 Attributes....77 When to Use Attributes....81 Comments....83 Empty Elements....87 XML Declarations....88 Version....89 Encoding....89 Standalone....91 Processing Instructions....94 Illegal PCDATA Characters....97 Escaping Characters....98 CDATA Sections....99 Errors in XML....102 Summary....102 Exercise Questions....103 Question 1....103 Question 2....103 Chapter 3: XML Namespaces....105 Why We Need Namespaces....105 Using Prefixes....107 Why Doesn’t XML Just Use These Prefixes?....108 How XML Namespaces Work....110 Default Namespaces....113 Do Different Notations Make Any Difference?....119 Namespaces and Attributes....121 Understanding URIs....124 URLs....124 URNs....125 Why Use URLs for Namespaces....-1 What Do Namespace URIs Really Mean?....126 RDDL....127 When to Use Namespaces....127 Summary....128 Exercise Questions....129 Question 1....129 Question 2....129 Question 3....129 Part II - Validation....131 Chapter 4: Document Type Definitions....133 Running the Samples....134 Preparing the Ground....134 The Document Type Declaration....138 Sharing Vocabularies....142 Anatomy of a DTD....143 Element Declarations....143 Attribute Declarations....158 Entities....169 Developing DTDs....179 DTD Limitations....180 DTD Syntax....180 XML Namespaces....181 Data Typing....181 Limited Content Model Descriptions....181 Summary....181 Exercise Questions....182 Question 1....182 Question 2....182 Question 3....182 Chapter 5: XML Schemas....183 Benefits of XML Schemas....184 XML Schemas Use XML Syntax....184 XML Schema Namespace Support....184 XML Schema Data Types....185 XML Schema Content Models....185 Do We Still Need DTDs?....185 XML Schemas....186 The XML Schema Document....186 Running the Samples....186 Declarations....190 Declarations....193 Declarations....203 Declarations....205 Content Models....206 Declarations....215 Declarations....221 Creating Elements with Simple Content and Attributes....223 Datatypes....224 Declarations....231 Creating a Schema from Multiple Documents....238 Declarations....238 Declarations....242 Documenting XML Schemas....244 Comments....244 Attributes from Other Namespaces....245 Annotations....246 Summary....247 Exercise Questions....248 Question 1....248 Question 2....248 Question 3....248 Chapter 6: RELAX NG....249 XML and Compact Syntaxes....250 Running the Samples....250 RELAX NG Patterns....251 Element....-1 Combining and Reusing Patterns and Grammars....265 Named Patterns....265 Combining Named Pattern Definitions....268 Schema Modularization Using the include Directive....269 Redefining Included Named Patterns....270 Removing Patterns with the notAllowed Pattern....271 Extensions and Restrictions....272 Nested Grammars....273 Additional RELAX NG Features....274 Namespaces....274 Name-Classes....275 Datatypes....279 List Patterns....281 Comments and Divisions....282 Useful Resources....283 Summary....283 Exercise Questions....283 Question 1....284 Question 2....284 Part III - Processing....285 Chapter 7: XPath....287 Ways of Looking at an XML Document....288 Modeling XML Documents....288 Visualizing XPath....289 Understanding Context....290 What Is a Node?....292 XPath 1.0 Types....295 Abbreviated and Unabbreviated Syntax....297 XPath 1.0 Axes....298 Child Axis....298 attribute Axis....300 ancestor Axis....302 ancestor-or-self Axis....303 descendant Axis....303 descendant-or-self Axis....304 following Axis....304 following-sibling Axis....306 namespace Axis....306 parent Axis....309 preceding Axis....309 preceding-sibling Axis....310 self Axis....311 XPath 1.0 Functions....312 Boolean Functions....312 Node-Set Functions....313 Numeric Functions....313 String Functions....314 Predicates....316 Structure of XPath Expressions....316 XPath 2.0....319 Revised XPath Data Model....319 W3C XML Schema Data Types....319 Additional XPath 2.0 Functions....320 XPath 2.0 Features....320 Summary....323 Exercise Questions....323 Question 1....324 Question 2....324 Chapter 8: XSLT....325 What Is XSLT?....325 Restructuring XML....326 Presenting XML Content....326 How an XSLT Processor Works....326 Running the Examples....327 Introducing the Saxon XSLT Processor....327 Installing the Saxon XSLT Processor....328 Procedural versus Declarative Programming....330 Procedural Programming....330 Declarative Programming....330 Foundational XSLT Elements....331 The Element....333 The Element....334 The Element....334 Getting Information from the Source Tree....335 The Element....335 The Element....337 The Element....341 Influencing the Output with the Element....344 Conditional Processing....344 The Element....344 The Element....346 The Element....349 The Element....350 XSLT Modes....352 XSLT Variables and Parameters....358 Named Templates and the Element....360 XSLT Functions....361 XSLT 2.0....361 Grouping in Version 2.0....362 Non-XML Input and String Handling....365 Multiple Outputs....368 User-Defined Functions....370 xsl:value-of changes....372 Summary....373 Exercise Questions....373 Question 1....373 Question 2....373 Part IV - Databases....375 Chapter 9: XQuery, the XML Quey Language....377 Why XQuery?....378 Historical Factors....378 Technical Factors....378 Current Status....379 XQuery Tools....381 Saxon....381 X-Hive.com Online....383 X-Hive Database....384 Tamino Database....384 Microsoft SQL Server 2005....384 Oracle....384 Some XQuery Examples....384 Input Functions....384 Retrieving Nodes....386 Element Constructors....389 The XQuery Prolog....393 Computed Constructors....396 Syntax....397 The XQuery Data Model....398 Shared Data Model with XPath 2.0 and XSLT 2.0....398 Node Kinds....399 Sequences of Node-Sets....399 Document Order....399 Comparing Items and Nodes....399 Types in XQuery....399 Axes in XQuery....399 XQuery Expressions....400 FLWOR Expressions....400 XQuery Functions....406 The concat() Function....407 The count() Function....407 Using Parameters with XQuery....408 User-Defined Functions....409 Looking Ahead....410 Update Functionality....410 Full-Text Search....410 Summary....410 Exercise Questions....411 Question 1....411 Question 2....411 Chapter 10: XML and Databases....413 The Need for Efficient XML Data Stores....413 The Increasing Amount of XML....414 Comparing XML-Based Data and Relational Data....415 Approaches to Storing XML....416 Storing XML on File Systems....416 Using XML With Conventional Databases....417 Native XML Databases....419 Using Native XML Databases....420 Obtaining and Installing eXist....420 Interacting with eXist....422 XML in Commercial RDBMSs....433 XML Functionality in SQL Server 2000....433 Web Service Support....464 XML in Open Source RDBMS....464 Installing MySQL....464 Adding Information in MySQL....465 Querying MySQL....468 Updating XML in MySQL....473 Usability of XML in MySQL....474 Client-Side XML Support....475 Choosing a Database to Store XML....476 Looking Ahead....476 Summary....476 Exercise Questions....476 Question 1....477 Question 2....477 Question 3....477 Part V - Programming....479 Chapter 11: The XML Document Object Model (DOM)....481 Purpose of the XML DOM....481 Interfaces and Objects....483 The Document Object Model at the W3C....484 XML DOM Implementations....485 Two Ways to View DOM Nodes....486 Overview of the XML DOM....486 Tools to Run the Examples....488 Browser Differences....488 The Node Object....496 Properties of the Node Object....496 Methods of the Node Object....499 Loading an XML Document....500 The Effect of Text Nodes....506 The NamedNodeMap Object....509 The NodeList Object....513 The DOMException Object....514 The Document Interface....516 How the XML DOM Is Used in InfoPath 2007....519 Summary....520 Exercise Questions....520 Question 1....520 Question 2....520 Chapter 12: Simple API for XML (SAX)....521 What Is SAX and Why Was It Invented?....521 A Brief History of SAX....522 Where to Get SAX....523 Setting Up SAX....524 Receiving SAX Events....524 ContentHandler Interface....525 ErrorHandler Interface....542 DTDHandler Interface....547 EntityResolver Interface....548 Features and Properties....548 Extension Interfaces....552 Good SAX and Bad SAX....553 Consumers....-1 Other Languages....554 Summary....555 Exercise Questions....556 Question 1....556 Question 2....556 Part VI - Communication....557 Chapter 13: RSS Atom, and Content Syndication....559 Syndication and Meta Data....559 Syndication Systems....560 The Origin of RSS Species....563 RSS-DEV and RSS 1.0....567 UserLand and RSS 2.0....569 Atom....571 Working with News Feeds....574 Newsreaders....574 Data Quality....574 A Simple Aggregator....575 Modeling Feeds....575 Program Flow....578 Implementation....578 Transforming RSS with XSLT....595 Useful Resources....605 Summary....606 Exercise Questions....606 Question 1....607 Question 2....607 Chapter 14: Web Services....609 What Is an RPC?....609 RPC Protocols....611 DCOM....611 IIOP....612 Java RMI....613 The New RPC Protocol: Web Services....613 XML-RPC....614 The Network Transport....617 Taking a REST....634 The Web Services Stack....638 SOAP....638 WSDL....639 UDDI....640 Surrounding Specifications....640 Summary....642 Exercise Questions....643 Question 1....643 Question 2....643 Chapter 15: SOAP and WSDL....645 Laying the Groundwork....646 Running Examples in Windows 2003....-1 The New RPC Protocol: SOAP....646 Just RESTing....650 Basic SOAP Messages....651 More Complex SOAP Interactions....658 Defining Web Services: WSDL....670 ....671 ....671 ....672 ....673 ....673 ....675 ....676 Other Bindings....679 Summary....682 Exercise Questions....682 Question 1....682 Question 2....682 Chapter 16: Ajax....683 Early Attempts at Asynchronous Updates....683 Microsoft versus Mozilla....685 Cross-Browser Solutions....685 Basic Posting Techniques....687 Transport and Processing on the Server....690 JSON....690 Payment Card Validator....691 The AutoSuggest Box....696 Server-Side Proxies....719 The Currency Converter Proxy....720 Summary....724 Exercise Questions....725 Question 1....725 Question 2....725 Question 3....725 Part VII - Display....727 Chapter 17: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)....729 Why Stylesheets?....730 Introducing CSS....731 CSS Properties....732 Inheritance....733 Attaching the Stylesheet to an XML Document....737 Selectors....738 Using CSS for Layout of XML Documents....739 Understanding the Box Model....740 Positioning in CSS....744 Laying Out Tabular Data....757 Links in XML Documents....759 XLink Support in Firefox....759 Forcing Links Using the XHTML Namespace....763 Images in XML Documents....763 Using CSS to Add Content to Documents....764 Attribute Content....767 Attribute Selectors....767 Using Attribute Values in Documents....767 Summary....770 Exercise Questions....770 Question 1....770 Question 2....771 Question 3....771 Question 4....771 Chapter 18: XHTML....773 Separating Style from Content....774 Learning XHTML 1.x....776 Document Type Definitions for XHTML....776 Basic Changes in Writing XHTML....778 Styling XHTML Documents....789 Stricter Documents Make Faster and Lighter Processors....791 XHTML Tools....791 Validating XHTML Documents....792 Validation Pitfalls....794 Mime Types Pitfalls....795 Modularized XHTML....797 Module Implementations....799 XHTML 1.1....799 XHTML Basic....800 What’s Next for XHTML....801 Summary....803 Exercise Questions....804 Question 1....804 Question 2....804 Chapter 19: Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)....805 What Is SVG?....805 Scalable....-1 Putting SVG to Work....807 An SVG Toolkit....807 Getting Started....809 Views and Units....812 The Painter’s Model....812 Grouping....814 Transformations....814 Paths....815 Images....818 Text....819 Comments....-1 Scripting....822 SVG on Your Website....823 Tangram: A Simple Application....824 XHTML Wrapper....825 SVG Shapes....826 Tangram Script....830 Useful Resources....837 Summary....838 Exercise Questions....838 Question 1....838 Question 2....839 Chapter 20: XForms....841 How XForms Improves on HTML Forms....842 XForms Tools....842 An Illustrative XForms Example....848 XForms Form Controls....855 The xforms:input Element....855 The xforms:secret Element....856 The xforms:textarea Element....856 The xforms:output Element....856 The xforms:upload Element....857 The xforms:range Element....857 The xforms:trigger Element....858 The xforms:submit Element....858 The xforms:select Element....859 The xforms:select1 Element....860 Constraining XForms Instances....866 The xforms:bind Element....866 W3C XML Schema in XForms....871 Schema or Bind Elements: Which One to Choose?....872 XForms Events....872 The XForms Action Module....873 Developing and Debugging XForms....874 Alternatives to XForms....874 Microsoft InfoPath....874 Adobe LiveCycle....875 HTML Forms....876 Summary....876 Exercise Questions....876 Question 1....876 Question 2....876 Part VIII - Case Study....877 Chapter 21: Case Study: Payment Calculator....879 Mortgage Calculations....879 What You’ll Need....880 Online Loan Calculator....880 Integrating the Calculation Web Service....887 Enhancing the Display with SVG....903 Adding the Frame to the Main Page....906 Summary....910 Chapter 22: Case Study: Payment Calculator — Ruby on Rails....911 Mortgage Calculations....911 What You Need for the Example....912 Creating the Project....913 Building the Online Loan Calculator....914 Summary....944 Appendix A: Exercise Solutions....946 Chapter 1....946 Question 1....946 Question 2....947 Chapter 2....948 Question 1....948 Question 2....951 Chapter 3....955 Question 1....955 Question 2....955 Question 3....956 Chapter 4....957 Question 1....957 Question 2....957 Question 3....958 Chapter 5....958 Question 1....959 Question 2....959 Question 3....960 Chapter 6....961 Question 1....961 Question 2....963 Chapter 7....963 Question 1....963 Question 2....964 Chapter 8....964 Question 1....964 Question 2....964 Chapter 9....964 Question 1....965 Question 2....965 Chapter 10....965 Question 1....965 Question 2....965 Question 3....966 Chapter 11....966 Question 1....966 Question 2....967 Chapter 12....967 Question 1....967 Question 2....970 Chapter 13....972 Question 1....972 Question 2....974 Chapter 14....977 Question 1....977 Question 2....978 Chapter 15....979 Question 1....979 Question 2....979 Chapter 16....981 Question 1....981 Question 2....982 Question 3....982 Chapter 17....982 Question 1....982 Question 2....983 Question 3....984 Question 4....984 Chapter 18....984 Question 1....984 Question 2....987 Chapter 19....988 Question 1....988 Question 2....991 Chapter 20....994 Question 1....994 Question 2....994 Appendix B: XPath Reference....996 XPath 2.0 Is Emerging Slowly....997 The New Sequencing....997 Datatyping Control....997 Axes....997 Node Tests....1000 Functions....1002 XPath 2.0 Functions....1009 Appendix C: XSLT Reference....1012 Elements....1013 Functions....1036 Available XPath Functions....1039 Types....1039 New in XSLT 2.0....1040 More Powerful Expressions....1040 Muenchian’s Everywhere....1041 Planning on Using XSLT 2.0....1041 New Functions....1042 A Quick Note on XSLT 2.0 and XQuery 1.0....1042 Appendix D: The XML Document Obect Model....1044 Notation....1045 Basic Datatypes....1048 Strings....1049 User Data....1049 Objects....1049 Fundamental Interfaces: Core Module....1049 DOMException....1049 DOMError....1051 DOMErrorHandler....1051 Node....1052 Document....1056 DOMImplementation....1058 DOMImplementationSource....1058 DOMImplementationList....1059 DocumentFragment....1060 NodeList....1060 DOMStringList....1060 NameList....1061 Element....1061 NamedNodeMap....1063 Attr....1064 CharacterData....1064 Text....1065 Comment....1065 TypeInfo....1066 UserDataHandler....1066 DOMLocator....1067 DOMConfiguration....1067 Extended Interfaces: XML Module....1068 CDATASection....1068 ProcessingInstruction....1068 DocumentType....1068 Notation....1069 Entity....1069 EntityReference....1070 Load and Save Interfaces....1070 Data Types....1070 LSException....1070 DOMImplementationLS....1071 LSParser....1071 LSSerializer....1073 LSInput....1073 LSOutput....1074 LSResourceResolver....1074 LSParserFilter....1074 LSSerializerFilter....1075 LSProgressEvent....1075 LSLoadEvent....1076 Validation Interfaces....1076 ExceptionVAL....1076 NodeEditVAL....1077 DocumentEditVAL....1078 ElementEditVAL....1078 CharacterDataEditVAL....1080 Appendix E: XML Schema Element and Attribute Reference....1082 Unknown....-1 all....1082 annotation....1083 any....1084 anyAttribute....1085 appinfo....1086 attribute....1086 attributeGroup....1088 choice....1088 complexContent....1089 complexType....1090 documentation....1091 element....1092 extension....1094 field....1095 group....1095 import....1096 include....1097 key....1098 keyref....1100 list....1100 notation....1101 redefine....1101 restriction....1102 schema....1104 selector....1106 sequence....1106 simpleContent....1107 simpleType....1107 union....1108 unique....1109 XML Schema Instance Attributes....1109 Appendix F: XML Schema Datatypes Reference....1112 XML Schema Built-in Datatypes....1113 Constraining Facets....1121 length....1122 minLength....1122 maxLength....1123 pattern....1124 enumeration....1124 whiteSpace....1125 maxInclusive....1125 minInclusive....1126 maxExclusive....1127 minExclusive....1128 totalDigits....1128 fractionDigits....1129 Appendix G: SAX 2.0.2 Reference....1134 Classes and Interfaces....1135 Interface org.xml.sax.Attributes....1136 Interface org.xml.sax.ext.Attributes2....1140 Interface org.xml.sax.ContentHandler....1142 Interface org.xml.sax.ext.DeclHandler....1150 Interface org.xml.sax.DTDHandler....1152 Interface org.xml.sax.EntityResolver....1154 Interface org.xml.sax.ext.EntityResolver2....1156 Interface org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler....1159 Class org.xml.sax.InputSource....1161 Interface org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler....1165 Interface org.xml.sax.Locator....1168 Interface org.xml.sax.ext.Locator2....1170 Exception org.xml.sax.SAXException....1171 Exception org.xml.sax.SAXNotRecognizedException....1173 Exception org.xml.sax.SAXNotSupportedException....1173 Exception org.xml.sax.SAXParseException....1174 Interface org.xml.sax.XMLFilter....1176 Interface org.xml.sax.XMLReader....1177 Index....1186