Android Studio Giraffe Essentials - Kotlin Edition: Developing Android Apps Using Android Studio 2022.3.1 and Kotlin

1. Introduction....28 1.1 Downloading the Code Samples....28 1.2 Feedback....28 1.3 Errata....29 2. Setting up an Android Studio Development Environment....30 2.1 System requirements....30 2.2 Downloading the Android Studio package....30 2.3 Installing Android Studio....31 2.3.1 Installation on Windows....31 2.3.2 Installation on macOS....31 2.3.3 Installation on Linux....32 2.4 The Android Studio setup wizard....32 2.5 Installing additional Android SDK packages....33 2.6 Installing the Android SDK Command-line Tools....36 2.6.1 Windows 8.1....37 2.6.2 Windows 10....38 2.6.3 Windows 11....38 2.6.4 Linux....38 2.6.5 macOS....38 2.7 Android Studio memory management....38 2.8 Updating Android Studio and the SDK....39 2.9 Summary....40 3. Creating an Example Android App in Android Studio....42 3.1 About the Project....42 3.2 Creating a New Android Project....42 3.3 Creating an Activity....43 3.4 Defining the Project and SDK Settings....43 3.5 Enabling the New Android Studio UI....44 3.6 Modifying the Example Application....45 3.7 Modifying the User Interface ....46 3.8 Reviewing the Layout and Resource Files....52 3.9 Adding Interaction....55 3.10 Summary....56 4. Creating an Android Virtual Device (AVD) in Android Studio....58 4.1 About Android Virtual Devices....58 4.2 Starting the Emulator....60 4.3 Running the Application in the AVD....61 4.4 Running on Multiple Devices....62 4.5 Stopping a Running Application....63 4.6 Supporting Dark Theme....63 4.7 Running the Emulator in a Separate Window....64 4.8 Enabling the Device Frame....67 4.9 Summary....68 5. Using and Configuring the Android Studio AVD Emulator ....70 5.1 The Emulator Environment....70 5.2 Emulator Toolbar Options....70 5.3 Working in Zoom Mode....72 5.4 Resizing the Emulator Window....72 5.5 Extended Control Options....72 5.5.1 Location....73 5.5.2 Displays....73 5.5.3 Cellular....73 5.5.4 Battery....73 5.5.5 Camera....73 5.5.6 Phone....73 5.5.7 Directional Pad....73 5.5.8 Microphone....73 5.5.9 Fingerprint....73 5.5.10 Virtual Sensors....74 5.5.11 Snapshots....74 5.5.12 Record and Playback....74 5.5.13 Google Play....74 5.5.14 Settings....74 5.5.15 Help....74 5.6 Working with Snapshots....74 5.7 Configuring Fingerprint Emulation....75 5.8 The Emulator in Tool Window Mode....77 5.9 Creating a Resizable Emulator....77 5.10 Summary....78 6. A Tour of the Android Studio User Interface....80 6.1 The Welcome Screen....80 6.2 The Menu Bar....81 6.3 The Main Window....81 6.4 The Tool Windows....83 6.5 The Tool Window Menus....86 6.6 Android Studio Keyboard Shortcuts....86 6.7 Switcher and Recent Files Navigation....87 6.8 Changing the Android Studio Theme....88 6.9 Summary....89 7. Testing Android Studio Apps on a Physical Android Device....90 7.1 An Overview of the Android Debug Bridge (ADB)....90 7.2 Enabling USB Debugging ADB on Android Devices....90 7.2.1 macOS ADB Configuration....91 7.2.2 Windows ADB Configuration....92 7.2.3 Linux adb Configuration....93 7.3 Resolving USB Connection Issues....93 7.4 Enabling Wireless Debugging on Android Devices....94 7.5 Testing the adb Connection....96 7.6 Device Mirroring....96 7.7 Summary....96 8. The Basics of the Android Studio Code Editor....98 8.1 The Android Studio Editor....98 8.2 Splitting the Editor Window....101 8.3 Code Completion....101 8.4 Statement Completion....103 8.5 Parameter Information....103 8.6 Parameter Name Hints....103 8.7 Code Generation....103 8.8 Code Folding....105 8.9 Quick Documentation Lookup....106 8.10 Code Reformatting....106 8.11 Finding Sample Code....107 8.12 Live Templates....107 8.13 Summary....108 9. An Overview of the Android Architecture....110 9.1 The Android Software Stack....110 9.2 The Linux Kernel....111 9.3 Android Runtime – ART....111 9.4 Android Libraries....111 9.4.1 CC Libraries....112 9.5 Application Framework....112 9.6 Applications....113 9.7 Summary....113 10. The Anatomy of an Android App....114 10.1 Android Activities....114 10.2 Android Fragments....114 10.3 Android Intents....115 10.4 Broadcast Intents....115 10.5 Broadcast Receivers....115 10.6 Android Services....115 10.7 Content Providers....116 10.8 The Application Manifest....116 10.9 Application Resources....116 10.10 Application Context....116 10.11 Summary....116 11. An Introduction to Kotlin....118 11.1 What is Kotlin?....118 11.2 Kotlin and Java....118 11.3 Converting from Java to Kotlin....118 11.4 Kotlin and Android Studio....119 11.5 Experimenting with Kotlin....119 11.6 Semi-colons in Kotlin....120 11.7 Summary....120 12. Kotlin Data Types, Variables, and Nullability....122 12.1 Kotlin Data Types....122 12.1.1 Integer Data Types....123 12.1.2 Floating-Point Data Types....123 12.1.3 Boolean Data Type....123 12.1.4 Character Data Type....123 12.1.5 String Data Type....123 12.1.6 Escape Sequences....124 12.2 Mutable Variables....125 12.3 Immutable Variables....125 12.4 Declaring Mutable and Immutable Variables....125 12.5 Data Types are Objects....125 12.6 Type Annotations and Type Inference....126 12.7 Nullable Type....127 12.8 The Safe Call Operator....127 12.9 Not-Null Assertion....128 12.10 Nullable Types and the let Function....128 12.11 Late Initialization (lateinit)....129 12.12 The Elvis Operator....130 12.13 Type Casting and Type Checking....130 12.14 Summary....131 13. Kotlin Operators and Expressions....132 13.1 Expression Syntax in Kotlin....132 13.2 The Basic Assignment Operator....132 13.3 Kotlin Arithmetic Operators....132 13.4 Augmented Assignment Operators....133 13.5 Increment and Decrement Operators....133 13.6 Equality Operators....134 13.7 Boolean Logical Operators....134 13.8 Range Operator....135 13.9 Bitwise Operators....135 13.9.1 Bitwise Inversion....135 13.9.2 Bitwise AND....136 13.9.3 Bitwise OR....136 13.9.4 Bitwise XOR....136 13.9.5 Bitwise Left Shift....137 13.9.6 Bitwise Right Shift....137 13.10 Summary....138 14. Kotlin Control Flow....140 14.1 Looping Control flow....140 14.1.1 The Kotlin for-in Statement....140 14.1.2 The while Loop ....141 14.1.3 The do ... while loop ....142 14.1.4 Breaking from Loops....142 14.1.5 The continue Statement ....143 14.1.6 Break and Continue Labels....143 14.2 Conditional Control Flow....144 14.2.1 Using the if Expressions ....144 14.2.2 Using if ... else Expressions ....145 14.2.3 Using if ... else if ... Expressions ....145 14.2.4 Using the when Statement....145 14.3 Summary....146 15. An Overview of Kotlin Functions and Lambdas....148 15.1 What is a Function?....148 15.2 How to Declare a Kotlin Function....148 15.3 Calling a Kotlin Function....149 15.4 Single Expression Functions....149 15.5 Local Functions....149 15.6 Handling Return Values....150 15.7 Declaring Default Function Parameters....150 15.8 Variable Number of Function Parameters ....150 15.9 Lambda Expressions....151 15.10 Higher-order Functions....152 15.11 Summary....153 16. The Basics of Object Oriented Programming in Kotlin....154 16.1 What is an Object?....154 16.2 What is a Class?....154 16.3 Declaring a Kotlin Class....154 16.4 Adding Properties to a Class....155 16.5 Defining Methods....155 16.6 Declaring and Initializing a Class Instance....155 16.7 Primary and Secondary Constructors....155 16.8 Initializer Blocks....158 16.9 Calling Methods and Accessing Properties....158 16.10 Custom Accessors....158 16.11 Nested and Inner Classes....159 16.12 Companion Objects....160 16.13 Summary....162 17. An Introduction to Kotlin Inheritance and Subclassing....164 17.1 Inheritance, Classes and Subclasses....164 17.2 Subclassing Syntax....164 17.3 A Kotlin Inheritance Example....165 17.4 Extending the Functionality of a Subclass....166 17.5 Overriding Inherited Methods....167 17.6 Adding a Custom Secondary Constructor....168 17.7 Using the SavingsAccount Class....168 17.8 Summary....168 18. An Overview of Android View Binding....170 18.1 Find View by Id....170 18.2 View Binding ....170 18.3 Converting the AndroidSample project....171 18.4 Enabling View Binding....171 18.5 Using View Binding....171 18.6 Choosing an Option....172 18.7 View Binding in the Book Examples....172 18.8 Migrating a Project to View Binding....173 18.9 Summary....173 19. Understanding Android Application and Activity Lifecycles....174 19.1 Android Applications and Resource Management....174 19.2 Android Process States....174 19.2.1 Foreground Process....175 19.2.2 Visible Process....175 19.2.3 Service Process....175 19.2.4 Background Process....175 19.2.5 Empty Process....176 19.3 Inter-Process Dependencies ....176 19.4 The Activity Lifecycle....176 19.5 The Activity Stack....176 19.6 Activity States....177 19.7 Configuration Changes....177 19.8 Handling State Change....178 19.9 Summary....178 20. Handling Android Activity State Changes....180 20.1 New vs. Old Lifecycle Techniques....180 20.2 The Activity and Fragment Classes....180 20.3 Dynamic State vs. Persistent State....182 20.4 The Android Lifecycle Methods....182 20.5 Lifetimes....184 20.6 Foldable Devices and Multi-Resume....185 20.7 Disabling Configuration Change Restarts....185 20.8 Lifecycle Method Limitations....185 20.9 Summary....186 21. Android Activity State Changes by Example....188 21.1 Creating the State Change Example Project....188 21.2 Designing the User Interface....189 21.3 Overriding the Activity Lifecycle Methods....190 21.4 Filtering the Logcat Panel....192 21.5 Running the Application....193 21.6 Experimenting with the Activity....194 21.7 Summary....195 22. Saving and Restoring the State of an Android Activity....196 22.1 Saving Dynamic State....196 22.2 Default Saving of User Interface State....196 22.3 The Bundle Class....197 22.4 Saving the State....198 22.5 Restoring the State....199 22.6 Testing the Application....199 22.7 Summary....199 23. Understanding Android Views, View Groups and Layouts....200 23.1 Designing for Different Android Devices....200 23.2 Views and View Groups....200 23.3 Android Layout Managers....200 23.4 The View Hierarchy....202 23.5 Creating User Interfaces....203 23.6 Summary....203 24. A Guide to the Android Studio Layout Editor Tool....204 24.1 Basic vs. Empty Views Activity Templates....204 24.2 The Android Studio Layout Editor....208 24.3 Design Mode....208 24.4 The Palette....209 24.5 Design Mode and Layout Views....210 24.6 Night Mode....211 24.7 Code Mode....211 24.8 Split Mode....212 24.9 Setting Attributes....213 24.10 Transforms....214 24.11 Tools Visibility Toggles....215 24.12 Converting Views....216 24.13 Displaying Sample Data....217 24.14 Creating a Custom Device Definition....218 24.15 Changing the Current Device....218 24.16 Layout Validation....219 24.17 Summary....220 25. A Guide to the Android ConstraintLayout....222 25.1 How ConstraintLayout Works....222 25.1.1 Constraints....222 25.1.2 Margins....223 25.1.3 Opposing Constraints....223 25.1.4 Constraint Bias....224 25.1.5 Chains....225 25.1.6 Chain Styles....225 25.2 Baseline Alignment....226 25.3 Configuring Widget Dimensions....226 25.4 Guideline Helper....227 25.5 Group Helper....227 25.6 Barrier Helper....227 25.7 Flow Helper....229 25.8 Ratios....230 25.9 ConstraintLayout Advantages....230 25.10 ConstraintLayout Availability....231 25.11 Summary....231 26. A Guide to Using ConstraintLayout in Android Studio....232 26.1 Design and Layout Views....232 26.2 Autoconnect Mode....234 26.3 Inference Mode....234 26.4 Manipulating Constraints Manually....234 26.5 Adding Constraints in the Inspector....236 26.6 Viewing Constraints in the Attributes Window....236 26.7 Deleting Constraints....237 26.8 Adjusting Constraint Bias....238 26.9 Understanding ConstraintLayout Margins....238 26.10 The Importance of Opposing Constraints and Bias....240 26.11 Configuring Widget Dimensions....242 26.12 Design Time Tools Positioning....243 26.13 Adding Guidelines....244 26.14 Adding Barriers....246 26.15 Adding a Group....247 26.16 Working with the Flow Helper....248 26.17 Widget Group Alignment and Distribution....248 26.18 Converting other Layouts to ConstraintLayout....250 26.19 Summary ....250 27. Working with ConstraintLayout Chains and Ratios in Android Studio....252 27.1 Creating a Chain....252 27.2 Changing the Chain Style....254 27.3 Spread Inside Chain Style....255 27.4 Packed Chain Style....255 27.5 Packed Chain Style with Bias....255 27.6 Weighted Chain....255 27.7 Working with Ratios....256 27.8 Summary....258 28. An Android Studio Layout Editor ConstraintLayout Tutorial....260 28.1 An Android Studio Layout Editor Tool Example....260 28.2 Preparing the Layout Editor Environment....260 28.3 Adding the Widgets to the User Interface....261 28.4 Adding the Constraints....264 28.5 Testing the Layout....266 28.6 Using the Layout Inspector....266 28.7 Summary....267 29. Manual XML Layout Design in Android Studio....268 29.1 Manually Creating an XML Layout....268 29.2 Manual XML vs. Visual Layout Design....271 29.3 Summary....271 30. Managing Constraints using Constraint Sets....272 30.1 Kotlin Code vs. XML Layout Files....272 30.2 Creating Views....272 30.3 View Attributes....273 30.4 Constraint Sets....273 30.4.1 Establishing Connections....273 30.4.2 Applying Constraints to a Layout....273 30.4.3 Parent Constraint Connections....273 30.4.4 Sizing Constraints....274 30.4.5 Constraint Bias....274 30.4.6 Alignment Constraints....274 30.4.7 Copying and Applying Constraint Sets....274 30.4.8 ConstraintLayout Chains....274 30.4.9 Guidelines....275 30.4.10 Removing Constraints....275 30.4.11 Scaling....275 30.4.12 Rotation....276 30.5 Summary....276 31. An Android ConstraintSet Tutorial....278 31.1 Creating the Example Project in Android Studio....278 31.2 Adding Views to an Activity....278 31.3 Setting View Attributes....279 31.4 Creating View IDs....280 31.5 Configuring the Constraint Set....281 31.6 Adding the EditText View....282 31.7 Converting Density Independent Pixels (dp) to Pixels (px)....283 31.8 Summary....284 32. A Guide to Using Apply Changes in Android Studio....286 32.1 Introducing Apply Changes....286 32.2 Understanding Apply Changes Options....286 32.3 Using Apply Changes....287 32.4 Configuring Apply Changes Fallback Settings....288 32.5 An Apply Changes Tutorial....288 32.6 Using Apply Code Changes....288 32.7 Using Apply Changes and Restart Activity....289 32.8 Using Run App....289 32.9 Summary....289 33. An Overview and Example of Android Event Handling....290 33.1 Understanding Android Events....290 33.2 Using the android:onClick Resource....290 33.3 Event Listeners and Callback Methods....291 33.4 An Event Handling Example....291 33.5 Designing the User Interface....292 33.6 The Event Listener and Callback Method....292 33.7 Consuming Events....294 33.8 Summary....295 34. Android Touch and Multi-touch Event Handling....296 34.1 Intercepting Touch Events....296 34.2 The MotionEvent Object....297 34.3 Understanding Touch Actions....297 34.4 Handling Multiple Touches....297 34.5 An Example Multi-Touch Application....298 34.6 Designing the Activity User Interface....298 34.7 Implementing the Touch Event Listener....298 34.8 Running the Example Application....301 34.9 Summary....301 35. Detecting Common Gestures Using the Android Gesture Detector Class....302 35.1 Implementing Common Gesture Detection....302 35.2 Creating an Example Gesture Detection Project....303 35.3 Implementing the Listener Class....303 35.4 Creating the GestureDetectorCompat Instance....305 35.5 Implementing the onTouchEvent() Method....305 35.6 Testing the Application....306 35.7 Summary....306 36. Implementing Custom Gesture and Pinch Recognition on Android....308 36.1 The Android Gesture Builder Application....308 36.2 The GestureOverlayView Class....308 36.3 Detecting Gestures....308 36.4 Identifying Specific Gestures....308 36.5 Installing and Running the Gesture Builder Application....308 36.6 Creating a Gestures File....309 36.7 Creating the Example Project....309 36.8 Extracting the Gestures File from the SD Card....309 36.9 Adding the Gestures File to the Project....310 36.10 Designing the User Interface....310 36.11 Loading the Gestures File....311 36.12 Registering the Event Listener....312 36.13 Implementing the onGesturePerformed Method....312 36.14 Testing the Application....313 36.15 Configuring the GestureOverlayView....313 36.16 Intercepting Gestures....314 36.17 Detecting Pinch Gestures....314 36.18 A Pinch Gesture Example Project....314 36.19 Summary....316 37. An Introduction to Android Fragments....318 37.1 What is a Fragment?....318 37.2 Creating a Fragment....318 37.3 Adding a Fragment to an Activity using the Layout XML File....319 37.4 Adding and Managing Fragments in Code....321 37.5 Handling Fragment Events....322 37.6 Implementing Fragment Communication....322 37.7 Summary ....324 38. Using Fragments in Android Studio - An Example....326 38.1 About the Example Fragment Application....326 38.2 Creating the Example Project....326 38.3 Creating the First Fragment Layout....326 38.4 Migrating a Fragment to View Binding....328 38.5 Adding the Second Fragment....329 38.6 Adding the Fragments to the Activity....330 38.7 Making the Toolbar Fragment Talk to the Activity....331 38.8 Making the Activity Talk to the Text Fragment....334 38.9 Testing the Application....335 38.10 Summary....335 39. Modern Android App Architecture with Jetpack....336 39.1 What is Android Jetpack?....336 39.2 The Old Architecture....336 39.3 Modern Android Architecture....336 39.4 The ViewModel Component....337 39.5 The LiveData Component....337 39.6 ViewModel Saved State....338 39.7 LiveData and Data Binding....338 39.8 Android Lifecycles....339 39.9 Repository Modules....339 39.10 Summary....340 40. An Android ViewModel Tutorial....342 40.1 About the Project....342 40.2 Creating the ViewModel Example Project....342 40.3 Removing Unwanted Project Elements....342 40.4 Designing the Fragment Layout....343 40.5 Implementing the View Model....344 40.6 Associating the Fragment with the View Model....345 40.7 Modifying the Fragment....346 40.8 Accessing the ViewModel Data....346 40.9 Testing the Project....347 40.10 Summary....347 41. An Android Jetpack LiveData Tutorial....348 41.1 LiveData - A Recap....348 41.2 Adding LiveData to the ViewModel....348 41.3 Implementing the Observer....350 41.4 Summary....351 42. An Overview of Android Jetpack Data Binding....352 42.1 An Overview of Data Binding....352 42.2 The Key Components of Data Binding....352 42.2.1 The Project Build Configuration....352 42.2.2 The Data Binding Layout File....353 42.2.3 The Layout File Data Element....354 42.2.4 The Binding Classes....355 42.2.5 Data Binding Variable Configuration....355 42.2.6 Binding Expressions (One-Way)....356 42.2.7 Binding Expressions (Two-Way)....357 42.2.8 Event and Listener Bindings....357 42.3 Summary....358 43. An Android Jetpack Data Binding Tutorial....360 43.1 Removing the Redundant Code....360 43.2 Enabling Data Binding....361 43.3 Adding the Layout Element....362 43.4 Adding the Data Element to Layout File....363 43.5 Working with the Binding Class....363 43.6 Assigning the ViewModel Instance to the Data Binding Variable....364 43.7 Adding Binding Expressions....365 43.8 Adding the Conversion Method....366 43.9 Adding a Listener Binding....366 43.10 Testing the App....367 43.11 Summary....367 44. An Android ViewModel Saved State Tutorial....368 44.1 Understanding ViewModel State Saving....368 44.2 Implementing ViewModel State Saving....368 44.3 Saving and Restoring State....369 44.4 Adding Saved State Support to the ViewModelDemo Project....370 44.5 Summary....371 45. Working with Android Lifecycle-Aware Components....372 45.1 Lifecycle Awareness....372 45.2 Lifecycle Owners....372 45.3 Lifecycle Observers....373 45.4 Lifecycle States and Events....373 45.5 Summary....374 46. An Android Jetpack Lifecycle Awareness Tutorial....376 46.1 Creating the Example Lifecycle Project....376 46.2 Creating a Lifecycle Observer....376 46.3 Adding the Observer....377 46.4 Testing the Observer....378 46.5 Creating a Lifecycle Owner....378 46.6 Testing the Custom Lifecycle Owner....380 46.7 Summary....380 47. An Overview of the Navigation Architecture Component....382 47.1 Understanding Navigation....382 47.2 Declaring a Navigation Host....383 47.3 The Navigation Graph....385 47.4 Accessing the Navigation Controller....386 47.5 Triggering a Navigation Action....386 47.6 Passing Arguments....387 47.7 Summary....387 48. An Android Jetpack Navigation Component Tutorial....388 48.1 Creating the NavigationDemo Project....388 48.2 Adding Navigation to the Build Configuration....388 48.3 Creating the Navigation Graph Resource File....389 48.4 Declaring a Navigation Host....390 48.5 Adding Navigation Destinations....391 48.6 Designing the Destination Fragment Layouts....393 48.7 Adding an Action to the Navigation Graph....394 48.8 Implement the OnFragmentInteractionListener....396 48.9 Adding View Binding Support to the Destination Fragments....397 48.10 Triggering the Action....397 48.11 Passing Data Using Safeargs....398 48.12 Summary....401 49. An Introduction to MotionLayout....402 49.1 An Overview of MotionLayout....402 49.2 MotionLayout....402 49.3 MotionScene....402 49.4 Configuring ConstraintSets....403 49.5 Custom Attributes....404 49.6 Triggering an Animation....406 49.7 Arc Motion....407 49.8 Keyframes....407 49.8.1 Attribute Keyframes....407 49.8.2 Position Keyframes....408 49.9 Time Linearity....411 49.10 KeyTrigger....411 49.11 Cycle and Time Cycle Keyframes....412 49.12 Starting an Animation from Code....412 49.13 Summary....413 50. An Android MotionLayout Editor Tutorial....414 50.1 Creating the MotionLayoutDemo Project....414 50.2 ConstraintLayout to MotionLayout Conversion....414 50.3 Configuring Start and End Constraints....416 50.4 Previewing the MotionLayout Animation....419 50.5 Adding an OnClick Gesture....419 50.6 Adding an Attribute Keyframe to the Transition....421 50.7 Adding a CustomAttribute to a Transition....423 50.8 Adding Position Keyframes....425 50.9 Summary....427 51. A MotionLayout KeyCycle Tutorial....428 51.1 An Overview of Cycle Keyframes....428 51.2 Using the Cycle Editor....432 51.3 Creating the KeyCycleDemo Project....433 51.4 Configuring the Start and End Constraints....433 51.5 Creating the Cycles....435 51.6 Previewing the Animation....437 51.7 Adding the KeyFrameSet to the MotionScene....437 51.8 Summary....439 52. Working with the Floating Action Button and Snackbar....440 52.1 The Material Design....440 52.2 The Design Library....440 52.3 The Floating Action Button (FAB) ....440 52.4 The Snackbar....441 52.5 Creating the Example Project....442 52.6 Reviewing the Project....442 52.7 Removing Navigation Features....443 52.8 Changing the Floating Action Button....443 52.9 Adding an Action to the Snackbar....445 52.10 Summary....445 53. Creating a Tabbed Interface using the TabLayout Component....446 53.1 An Introduction to the ViewPager2....446 53.2 An Overview of the TabLayout Component....446 53.3 Creating the TabLayoutDemo Project....447 53.4 Creating the First Fragment....447 53.5 Duplicating the Fragments....449 53.6 Adding the TabLayout and ViewPager2....450 53.7 Performing the Initialization Tasks....452 53.8 Testing the Application....454 53.9 Customizing the TabLayout....454 53.10 Summary....456 54. Working with the RecyclerView and CardView Widgets....458 54.1 An Overview of the RecyclerView....458 54.2 An Overview of the CardView....460 54.3 Summary....461 55. An Android RecyclerView and CardView Tutorial....462 55.1 Creating the CardDemo Project....462 55.2 Modifying the Basic Views Activity Project....462 55.3 Designing the CardView Layout....463 55.4 Adding the RecyclerView....464 55.5 Adding the Image Files....464 55.6 Creating the RecyclerView Adapter....464 55.7 Initializing the RecyclerView Component....466 55.8 Testing the Application....467 55.9 Responding to Card Selections....468 55.10 Summary....470 56. Working with the AppBar and Collapsing Toolbar Layouts....472 56.1 The Anatomy of an AppBar....472 56.2 The Example Project....473 56.3 Coordinating the RecyclerView and Toolbar....473 56.4 Introducing the Collapsing Toolbar Layout....475 56.5 Changing the Title and Scrim Color....478 56.6 Summary....479 57. An Overview of Android Intents....480 57.1 An Overview of Intents....480 57.2 Explicit Intents....480 57.3 Returning Data from an Activity....481 57.4 Implicit Intents....482 57.5 Using Intent Filters....483 57.6 Automatic Link Verification....483 57.7 Manually Enabling Links....486 57.8 Checking Intent Availability....487 57.9 Summary....488 58. Android Explicit Intents – A Worked Example....490 58.1 Creating the Explicit Intent Example Application....490 58.2 Designing the User Interface Layout for MainActivity....490 58.3 Creating the Second Activity Class....491 58.4 Designing the User Interface Layout for SecondActivity....492 58.5 Reviewing the Application Manifest File....492 58.6 Creating the Intent....493 58.7 Extracting Intent Data....494 58.8 Launching SecondActivity as a Sub-Activity....495 58.9 Returning Data from a Sub-Activity....496 58.10 Testing the Application....496 58.11 Summary....496 59. Android Implicit Intents – A Worked Example....498 59.1 Creating the Android Studio Implicit Intent Example Project....498 59.2 Designing the User Interface....498 59.3 Creating the Implicit Intent....499 59.4 Adding a Second Matching Activity....500 59.5 Adding the Web View to the UI....500 59.6 Obtaining the Intent URL....501 59.7 Modifying the MyWebView Project Manifest File....502 59.8 Installing the MyWebView Package on a Device....503 59.9 Testing the Application....504 59.10 Manually Enabling the Link....504 59.11 Automatic Link Verification....506 59.12 Summary....508 60. Android Broadcast Intents and Broadcast Receivers....510 60.1 An Overview of Broadcast Intents....510 60.2 An Overview of Broadcast Receivers....511 60.3 Obtaining Results from a Broadcast....512 60.4 Sticky Broadcast Intents....512 60.5 The Broadcast Intent Example....512 60.6 Creating the Example Application....513 60.7 Creating and Sending the Broadcast Intent....513 60.8 Creating the Broadcast Receiver....514 60.9 Registering the Broadcast Receiver....515 60.10 Testing the Broadcast Example....516 60.11 Listening for System Broadcasts....516 60.12 Summary....516 61. An Introduction to Kotlin Coroutines....518 61.1 What are Coroutines?....518 61.2 Threads vs. Coroutines....518 61.3 Coroutine Scope....519 61.4 Suspend Functions....519 61.5 Coroutine Dispatchers....519 61.6 Coroutine Builders....520 61.7 Jobs....520 61.8 Coroutines – Suspending and Resuming....521 61.9 Returning Results from a Coroutine....522 61.10 Using withContext....522 61.11 Coroutine Channel Communication....524 61.12 Summary....525 62. An Android Kotlin Coroutines Tutorial....526 62.1 Creating the Coroutine Example Application....526 62.2 Adding Coroutine Support to the Project....526 62.3 Designing the User Interface....526 62.4 Implementing the SeekBar....528 62.5 Adding the Suspend Function....528 62.6 Implementing the launchCoroutines Method....529 62.7 Testing the App....530 62.8 Summary....530 63. An Overview of Android Services....532 63.1 Intent Service....532 63.2 Bound Service....532 63.3 The Anatomy of a Service....533 63.4 Controlling Destroyed Service Restart Options....533 63.5 Declaring a Service in the Manifest File....533 63.6 Starting a Service Running on System Startup....534 63.7 Summary....535 64. Android Local Bound Services – A Worked Example....536 64.1 Understanding Bound Services....536 64.2 Bound Service Interaction Options....536 64.3 A Local Bound Service Example....536 64.4 Adding a Bound Service to the Project....537 64.5 Implementing the Binder....537 64.6 Binding the Client to the Service....539 64.7 Completing the Example....540 64.8 Testing the Application....541 64.9 Summary....542 65. Android Remote Bound Services – A Worked Example....544 65.1 Client to Remote Service Communication....544 65.2 Creating the Example Application....544 65.3 Designing the User Interface....544 65.4 Implementing the Remote Bound Service....544 65.5 Configuring a Remote Service in the Manifest File....546 65.6 Launching and Binding to the Remote Service....546 65.7 Sending a Message to the Remote Service....548 65.8 Summary....548 66. An Introduction to Kotlin Flow....550 66.1 Understanding Flows....550 66.2 Creating the Sample Project....550 66.3 Adding the Kotlin Lifecycle Library....551 66.4 Declaring a Flow....551 66.5 Emitting Flow Data....552 66.6 Collecting Flow Data....552 66.7 Adding a Flow Buffer....553 66.8 Transforming Data with Intermediaries....555 66.9 Terminal Flow Operators....556 66.10 Flow Flattening....557 66.11 Combining Multiple Flows....558 66.12 Hot and Cold Flows....559 66.13 StateFlow....560 66.14 SharedFlow....561 66.15 Summary....562 67. An Android SharedFlow Tutorial....564 67.1 About the Project....564 67.2 Creating the SharedFlowDemo Project....564 67.3 Designing the User Interface Layout....564 67.4 Adding the List Row Layout....564 67.5 Adding the RecyclerView Adapter....565 67.6 Adding the ViewModel....566 67.7 Configuring the ViewModelProvider....567 67.8 Collecting the Flow Values....568 67.9 Testing the SharedFlowDemo App....569 67.10 Handling Flows in the Background....569 67.11 Summary....572 68. An Overview of Android SQLite Databases....574 68.1 Understanding Database Tables....574 68.2 Introducing Database Schema ....574 68.3 Columns and Data Types ....574 68.4 Database Rows ....575 68.5 Introducing Primary Keys ....575 68.6 What is SQLite?....575 68.7 Structured Query Language (SQL)....575 68.8 Trying SQLite on an Android Virtual Device (AVD)....576 68.9 The Android Room Persistence Library....577 68.10 Summary....578 69. The Android Room Persistence Library....580 69.1 Revisiting Modern App Architecture....580 69.2 Key Elements of Room Database Persistence....580 69.2.1 Repository....581 69.2.2 Room Database....581 69.2.3 Data Access Object (DAO)....581 69.2.4 Entities....581 69.2.5 SQLite Database....581 69.3 Understanding Entities....582 69.4 Data Access Objects....584 69.5 The Room Database....585 69.6 The Repository....586 69.7 In-Memory Databases....587 69.8 Database Inspector....587 69.9 Summary....588 70. An Android TableLayout and TableRow Tutorial....590 70.1 The TableLayout and TableRow Layout Views....590 70.2 Creating the Room Database Project....591 70.3 Converting to a LinearLayout....591 70.4 Adding the TableLayout to the User Interface....592 70.5 Configuring the TableRows....593 70.6 Adding the Button Bar to the Layout....594 70.7 Adding the RecyclerView....595 70.8 Adjusting the Layout Margins....596 70.9 Summary....596 71. An Android Room Database and Repository Tutorial....598 71.1 About the RoomDemo Project....598 71.2 Modifying the Build Configuration....598 71.3 Building the Entity....599 71.4 Creating the Data Access Object....600 71.5 Adding the Room Database....602 71.6 Adding the Repository....602 71.7 Adding the ViewModel....605 71.8 Creating the Product Item Layout....606 71.9 Adding the RecyclerView Adapter....607 71.10 Preparing the Main Activity....608 71.11 Adding the Button Listeners....609 71.12 Adding LiveData Observers....610 71.13 Initializing the RecyclerView....610 71.14 Testing the RoomDemo App....611 71.15 Using the Database Inspector....611 71.16 Summary....612 72. Video Playback on Android using the VideoView and MediaController Classes....614 72.1 Introducing the Android VideoView Class....614 72.2 Introducing the Android MediaController Class....615 72.3 Creating the Video Playback Example....615 72.4 Designing the VideoPlayer Layout....615 72.5 Downloading the Video File....616 72.6 Configuring the VideoView....616 72.7 Adding the MediaController to the Video View....618 72.8 Setting up the onPreparedListener....618 72.9 Summary....619 73. Android Picture-in-Picture Mode....620 73.1 Picture-in-Picture Features....620 73.2 Enabling Picture-in-Picture Mode....621 73.3 Configuring Picture-in-Picture Parameters....621 73.4 Entering Picture-in-Picture Mode....622 73.5 Detecting Picture-in-Picture Mode Changes....622 73.6 Adding Picture-in-Picture Actions....622 73.7 Summary....623 74. An Android Picture-in-Picture Tutorial....624 74.1 Adding Picture-in-Picture Support to the Manifest....624 74.2 Adding a Picture-in-Picture Button....624 74.3 Entering Picture-in-Picture Mode....625 74.4 Detecting Picture-in-Picture Mode Changes....626 74.5 Adding a Broadcast Receiver....626 74.6 Adding the PiP Action....627 74.7 Testing the Picture-in-Picture Action....630 74.8 Summary....630 75. Making Runtime Permission Requests in Android....632 75.1 Understanding Normal and Dangerous Permissions....632 75.2 Creating the Permissions Example Project....634 75.3 Checking for a Permission....634 75.4 Requesting Permission at Runtime....636 75.5 Providing a Rationale for the Permission Request....637 75.6 Testing the Permissions App....638 75.7 Summary....639 76. Android Audio Recording and Playback using MediaPlayer and MediaRecorder....640 76.1 Playing Audio....640 76.2 Recording Audio and Video using the MediaRecorder Class....641 76.3 About the Example Project....642 76.4 Creating the AudioApp Project....642 76.5 Designing the User Interface....642 76.6 Checking for Microphone Availability....643 76.7 Initializing the Activity....644 76.8 Implementing the recordAudio() Method....645 76.9 Implementing the stopAudio() Method....645 76.10 Implementing the playAudio() method....646 76.11 Configuring and Requesting Permissions....646 76.12 Testing the Application....648 76.13 Summary....648 77. An Android Notifications Tutorial....650 77.1 An Overview of Notifications....650 77.2 Creating the NotifyDemo Project....652 77.3 Designing the User Interface....652 77.4 Creating the Second Activity....652 77.5 Creating a Notification Channel....653 77.6 Requesting Notification Permission....654 77.7 Creating and Issuing a Notification....657 77.8 Launching an Activity from a Notification....659 77.9 Adding Actions to a Notification....661 77.10 Bundled Notifications....661 77.11 Summary....663 78. An Android Direct Reply Notification Tutorial....664 78.1 Creating the DirectReply Project....664 78.2 Designing the User Interface....664 78.3 Requesting Notification Permission....665 78.4 Creating the Notification Channel....666 78.5 Building the RemoteInput Object....667 78.6 Creating the PendingIntent....668 78.7 Creating the Reply Action....669 78.8 Receiving Direct Reply Input....670 78.9 Updating the Notification....671 78.10 Summary....672 79. Working with the Google Maps Android API in Android Studio....674 79.1 The Elements of the Google Maps Android API....674 79.2 Creating the Google Maps Project....675 79.3 Creating a Google Cloud Billing Account....675 79.4 Creating a New Google Cloud Project....676 79.5 Enabling the Google Maps SDK....677 79.6 Generating a Google Maps API Key....678 79.7 Adding the API Key to the Android Studio Project....679 79.8 Testing the Application....679 79.9 Understanding Geocoding and Reverse Geocoding....679 79.10 Adding a Map to an Application....681 79.11 Requesting Current Location Permission....681 79.12 Displaying the Users Current Location....683 79.13 Changing the Map Type....684 79.14 Displaying Map Controls to the User....685 79.15 Handling Map Gesture Interaction....685 79.15.1 Map Zooming Gestures....685 79.15.2 Map ScrollingPanning Gestures....686 79.15.3 Map Tilt Gestures....686 79.15.4 Map Rotation Gestures....686 79.16 Creating Map Markers....686 79.17 Controlling the Map Camera....687 79.18 Summary....688 80. Printing with the Android Printing Framework....690 80.1 The Android Printing Architecture....690 80.2 The Print Service Plugins....690 80.3 Google Cloud Print....691 80.4 Printing to Google Drive....691 80.5 Save as PDF....692 80.6 Printing from Android Devices....692 80.7 Options for Building Print Support into Android Apps....693 80.7.1 Image Printing....693 80.7.2 Creating and Printing HTML Content....694 80.7.3 Printing a Web Page....695 80.7.4 Printing a Custom Document....696 80.8 Summary....696 81. An Android HTML and Web Content Printing Example....698 81.1 Creating the HTML Printing Example Application....698 81.2 Printing Dynamic HTML Content....698 81.3 Creating the Web Page Printing Example....701 81.4 Removing the Floating Action Button....701 81.5 Removing Navigation Features....701 81.6 Designing the User Interface Layout....702 81.7 Accessing the WebView from the Main Activity....703 81.8 Loading the Web Page into the WebView....703 81.9 Adding the Print Menu Option....704 81.10 Summary....706 82. A Guide to Android Custom Document Printing....708 82.1 An Overview of Android Custom Document Printing....708 82.1.1 Custom Print Adapters....708 82.2 Preparing the Custom Document Printing Project....709 82.3 Creating the Custom Print Adapter....710 82.4 Implementing the onLayout() Callback Method....711 82.5 Implementing the onWrite() Callback Method....714 82.6 Checking a Page is in Range....716 82.7 Drawing the Content on the Page Canvas....717 82.8 Starting the Print Job....719 82.9 Testing the Application....720 82.10 Summary....720 83. An Introduction to Android App Links....722 83.1 An Overview of Android App Links....722 83.2 App Link Intent Filters....722 83.3 Handling App Link Intents....723 83.4 Associating the App with a Website....723 83.5 Summary....724 84. An Android Studio App Links Tutorial....726 84.1 About the Example App....726 84.2 The Database Schema....726 84.3 Loading and Running the Project....726 84.4 Adding the URL Mapping....728 84.5 Adding the Intent Filter....731 84.6 Adding Intent Handling Code....731 84.7 Testing the App....734 84.8 Creating the Digital Asset Links File....734 84.9 Testing the App Link....735 84.10 Summary....735 85. An Android Biometric Authentication Tutorial....736 85.1 An Overview of Biometric Authentication....736 85.2 Creating the Biometric Authentication Project....736 85.3 Configuring Device Fingerprint Authentication....737 85.4 Adding the Biometric Permission to the Manifest File....737 85.5 Designing the User Interface....738 85.6 Adding a Toast Convenience Method....738 85.7 Checking the Security Settings....739 85.8 Configuring the Authentication Callbacks....740 85.9 Adding the CancellationSignal....741 85.10 Starting the Biometric Prompt....741 85.11 Testing the Project....742 85.12 Summary....743 86. Creating, Testing, and Uploading an Android App Bundle....744 86.1 The Release Preparation Process....744 86.2 Android App Bundles....744 86.3 Register for a Google Play Developer Console Account....745 86.4 Configuring the App in the Console....746 86.5 Enabling Google Play App Signing....747 86.6 Creating a Keystore File....747 86.7 Creating the Android App Bundle....748 86.8 Generating Test APK Files....750 86.9 Uploading the App Bundle to the Google Play Developer Console....751 86.10 Exploring the App Bundle....752 86.11 Managing Testers....753 86.12 Rolling the App Out for Testing....753 86.13 Uploading New App Bundle Revisions....754 86.14 Analyzing the App Bundle File....755 86.15 Summary....756 87. An Overview of Android In-App Billing....758 87.1 Preparing a Project for In-App Purchasing....758 87.2 Creating In-App Products and Subscriptions....758 87.3 Billing Client Initialization....759 87.4 Connecting to the Google Play Billing Library....760 87.5 Querying Available Products....760 87.6 Starting the Purchase Process....761 87.7 Completing the Purchase....761 87.8 Querying Previous Purchases....762 87.9 Summary....763 88. An Android In-App Purchasing Tutorial....764 88.1 About the In-App Purchasing Example Project....764 88.2 Creating the InAppPurchase Project....764 88.3 Adding Libraries to the Project....764 88.4 Designing the User Interface....765 88.5 Adding the App to the Google Play Store....765 88.6 Creating an In-App Product....766 88.7 Enabling License Testers....766 88.8 Initializing the Billing Client....767 88.9 Querying the Product....769 88.10 Launching the Purchase Flow....770 88.11 Handling Purchase Updates....770 88.12 Consuming the Product....771 88.13 Restoring a Previous Purchase....772 88.14 Testing the App....773 88.15 Troubleshooting....774 88.16 Summary....775 89. Working with Material Design 3 Theming....776 89.1 Material Design 2 vs. Material Design 3....776 89.2 Understanding Material Design Theming....776 89.3 Material Design 3 Theming....776 89.4 Building a Custom Theme....778 89.5 Summary....779 90. A Material Design 3 Theming and Dynamic Color Tutorial....780 90.1 Creating the ThemeDemo Project....780 90.2 Designing the User Interface....780 90.3 Building a New Theme....782 90.4 Adding the Theme to the Project....783 90.5 Enabling Dynamic Color Support....784 90.6 Previewing Dynamic Colors....785 90.7 Summary....786 91. An Overview of Gradle in Android Studio....788 91.1 An Overview of Gradle....788 91.2 Gradle and Android Studio....788 91.2.1 Sensible Defaults....788 91.2.2 Dependencies....788 91.2.3 Build Variants....789 91.2.4 Manifest Entries....789 91.2.5 APK Signing....789 91.2.6 ProGuard Support....789 91.3 The Property and Settings Gradle Build File....789 91.4 The Top-level Gradle Build File....790 91.5 Module Level Gradle Build Files....791 91.6 Configuring Signing Settings in the Build File....793 91.7 Running Gradle Tasks from the Command Line....794 91.8 Summary....795 Index....796